Pump It Up! A randomized clinical trial to optimize insulin pump self-management behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) must engage in a variety of complex and burdensome self-management behaviors daily to maintain near normal blood glucose levels and prevent complications. There is a need for interventions to improve use of sophisticated diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps, during adolescence - a very high-risk developmental period for individuals with T1D. All diabetes devices, including insulin pumps, store large amounts of behavioral data that can be downloaded and analyzed to evaluate adherence to recommended T1D self-management behaviors.

Blood Glucose Monitoring Before and After Type 1 Diabetes Clinic Visits.

Objective: To determine patterns of blood glucose monitoring in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) before and after routine T1D clinic visits.

Methods: Blood glucose monitoring data were downloaded at four consecutive routine clinic visits from children and adolescents aged 5-18 years. Linear mixed models were used to analyze patterns of blood glucose monitoring in patients who had at least 28 days of data stored in their blood glucose monitors.

White Coat Adherence Occurs in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Receiving Intervention to Improve Insulin Pump Adherence Behaviors.

Background: To assess the occurrence of white coat adherence, defined as an increase in adherence to treatment regimens prior to a study appointment, in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using insulin pumps and participating in a randomized adherence intervention trial.

Methods: Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) readings, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered were downloaded from the insulin pumps of adolescents, aged 10-18 years, at 3 consecutive T1D study visits. Linear mixed models were used to analyze patterns of BGM, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered in patients who had 40 consecutive days of data stored in their insulin pumps prior to the study visit.

Efficacy and safety of triptorelin 6-month formulation in patients with central precocious puberty.

Background: Triptorelin is an established treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP) as 1- and 3-month formulations. The current triptorelin 22.5 mg 6-month formulation is approved for prostate cancer therapy.

White Coat Adherence in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Who Use Insulin Pumps.

Background: The purpose was to assess the occurrence of white coat adherence, defined as an increase in adherence to treatment regimens prior to a clinic appointment, in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who use insulin pumps.

Methods: Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) data, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered were downloaded from the insulin pumps of children and adolescents, aged 7-19 years with T1D, at 2 consecutive routine diabetes clinic visits. Linear mixed models were used to analyze patterns of BGM, carbohydrate inputs, and insulin boluses delivered in patients who had ≥28 days of data stored in their insulin pumps.

Importance of manually entering blood glucose readings when wireless-compatible meters are not being used with an insulin pump.

Background: The objective was to determine if there were differences in blood glucose monitoring (BGM) data downloaded from insulin pumps of patients who use meters that wirelessly transmit data to their insulin pumps (i.e., wireless group) and those who do not (i.

Insulin bolusing software: the potential to optimize health outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Insulin bolusing calculators alleviate the burden of having to calculate insulin bolus doses for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Three important pieces of information are needed: a blood glucose monitoring (BGM) result, carbohydrates to be consumed, and the amount of insulin bolus delivered. The purpose of this study was to describe insulin pump adherence behaviors associated with the use of bolus calculators in youth who use Medtronic insulin pumps.

WU and KI polyomaviruses in respiratory samples from allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Data are limited regarding 2 new human polyomaviruses, KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), in immunocompromised patients. We used real-time PCR to test for these and 12 respiratory viruses in 2,732 nasal wash samples collected during the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from 222 patients. Specimens were collected weekly until day 100; then at least every 3 months.

Acute regulation of renal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 by dopamine: role of protein phosphatase 2A.

Nephrogenic dopamine is a potent natriuretic paracrine/autocrine hormone that is central for mammalian sodium homeostasis. In the renal proximal tubule, dopamine induces natriuresis partly via inhibition of the sodium/proton exchanger NHE3. The signal transduction pathways and mechanisms by which dopamine inhibits NHE3 are complex and incompletely understood.

Clinical disease in children associated with newly described coronavirus subtypes.

Objectives: Coronaviruses cause upper respiratory illness and occasionally lower tract disease in susceptible populations. In this study we examined the prevalence of 4 human coronaviruses, including subtypes OC43, 229E, and the recently described NL63 and HKU1 in a pediatric population presenting to a children's hospital.

Patients And Methods: Specimens collected over a 1-year period from pediatric patients presenting with acute respiratory illness were analyzed for the presence of 4 coronavirus subtypes using consensus and subtype-specific real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays.

Comparison of real-time PCR assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children.

Conventional fluorescent-antibody (FA) methods were compared to real-time PCR assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A (FluA), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), human metapneumovirus (MPV), and adenovirus (AdV) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. At least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by FA and in 608 (53.

Impact of a home-based activity and dietary intervention in people with slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases.

Objective: To determine whether a home-based activity and dietary intervention can increase activity level, reduce caloric intake, and impact positively components of metabolic syndrome in a disabled population.

Design: Testing occurred at 3 points during the 6-month intervention period (baseline, 3mo, 6mo) and at 6 months postintervention. Each test point included laboratory testing of anthropometric and metabolic variables and 3 days of home-based activity and dietary monitoring.

Detection and quantification of human metapneumovirus in pediatric specimens by real-time RT-PCR.

Background: Human metapneumovirus (h MPV), a recently identified virus, causes respiratory illness in children.

Objectives: A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed and used to detect and quantify h MPV in respiratory specimens.

Study Design: The quantitative RT-PCR assay amplified an approximately 70 base pair fragment from the h MPV fusion protein gene.

Metabolic syndrome in neuromuscular disease.

Objectives: To test the hypotheses that (1) people with neuromuscular disease (NMD) have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes and (2) these risk factors worsen over time.

Design: Longitudinal testing with average 2.5-year follow-up.

Evaluation of quantitative and type-specific real-time RT-PCR assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory specimens from children.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract morbidity in young children and immunosuppressed patients.

Objectives: To rapidly and accurately quantify and subtype RSV in respiratory samples, we developed and evaluated two real-time RT-PCR assays.

Study Design: A quantitative assay was designed using primers for a consensus region of the matrix protein gene and a subtype-specific assay for RSV-A and RSV-B detection was designed using primers for the polymerase gene.

Concept of pre-death. Restlessness in dementia.

The circumstances surrounding the deaths of 23 patients on a behavior stabilization unit during a 1-year period were examined. The death rate was more than double that of previous years, and raised concern for the staff. The majority of deaths (n = 17) occurred within 2 months of admission to the unit, and 16 of the patients who died had a diagnosis of vascular or mixed dementia.

Cigarette smoking and the disenfranchisement of adolescent girls: a discourse of resistance?

The consequences of smoking for women are of particular concern in light of recent observations that more adolescent females than males are taking up smoking. To date, few studies have explored gender differences in depth, but we do know that males and females smoke for different reasons and that current smoking prevention programs may be differentially effective depending on gender. Recent evidence suggests that the school environment may have an important influence on smoking.

Data collection strategies for accessing adolescent women's worlds.

A two-year study was initiated in 1999 to investigate adolescent women's health concerns pertaining to their relationships. Data were obtained from four groups of girls (ages 14-19; N = 31) that met for approximately 18 weeks each. To help equalize power in the groups and facilitate a respectful and caring environment, we encouraged each group to use a variety of strategies, including those based on feminist principles.