Results from a test-and-treat study for influenza among residents of homeless shelters in King County, WA: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Persons experiencing homelessness face increased risk of influenza as overcrowding in congregate shelters can facilitate influenza virus spread. Data regarding on-site influenza testing and antiviral treatment within homeless shelters remain limited.

Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge trial of point-of-care molecular influenza testing coupled with antiviral treatment with baloxavir or oseltamivir in residents of 14 homeless shelters in Seattle, WA, USA.

The clinical and genomic epidemiology of seasonal human coronaviruses in congregate homeless shelter settings: A repeated cross-sectional study.

Background: The circulation of respiratory viruses poses a significant health risk among those residing in congregate settings. Data are limited on seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections in homeless shelter settings.

Methods: We analysed data from a clinical trial and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance study at 23 homeless shelter sites in King County, Washington between October 2019-May 2021.

The Clinical and Genomic Epidemiology of Rhinovirus in Homeless Shelters-King County, Washington.

Background: Rhinovirus (RV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in all people, including those experiencing homelessness. RV epidemiology in homeless shelters is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional homeless shelter study in King County, Washington, October 2019-May 2021.

Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters : A Community-Based Surveillance Study.

Background: Homeless shelters are a high-risk setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission because of crowding and shared hygiene facilities.

Objective: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 case counts across several adult and family homeless shelters in a major metropolitan area.

Design: Cross-sectional, community-based surveillance study.

COVID-19 Outbreak Among Three Affiliated Homeless Service Sites - King County, Washington, 2020.

On March 30, 2020, Public Health - Seattle and King County (PHSKC) was notified of a confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a resident of a homeless shelter and day center (shelter A). Residents from two other homeless shelters (B and C) used shelter A's day center services. Testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was offered to available residents and staff members at the three shelters during March 30-April 1, 2020.

Impact of an Electronic Medical Record-Based System to Promote Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus Screening in Public Hospital Primary Care Clinics.

Background: United States guidelines recommend that all adolescents and adults be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that persons born between 1945 and 1965 be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Methods: We used electronic medical record (EMR) data to identify patients in 3 primary care clinics in Seattle, Washington who met national criteria for routine HCV or HIV testing and had no documented history of prior testing. Clinic staff received daily lists of untested patients with scheduled appointments.

Intimate partner violence: prevalence, health consequences, and intervention.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) can be defined in many ways and encompasses many different types of physical and emotional abuse. IPV affects the health, safety, and quality of life for women, men, and children worldwide, regardless of race, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. The health effects include acute trauma; a wide range of physical and mental sequelae; and, for some, death.

Intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and to determine whether such exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Study Design: We measured the prevalence of exposure to intimate partner violence and fear of a partner during pregnancy among 4750 residents of Vancouver, British Columbia, who gave birth between January 1999 and December 2000. We undertook a multivariate analysis to examine the associations with second- or third-trimester hemorrhage, preterm labor and delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and perinatal death.

Medical care utilization patterns in women with diagnosed domestic violence.

Background: Information on women with domestic violence (DV) suggests increased healthcare utilization across all levels of care and many diagnoses. In the present ancillary study (1997-2002), derived from a large, group-randomized intervention trial we conducted in a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) (1995-1998), we examined total and incremental utilization rates, costs, and patterns for women aged >/=18 years with DV identified through the record reviews conducted for the trial. By the choice of comparison groups used, our present aim was to "bracket" any associated increase in utilization.

Introducing domestic violence assessment in a postpartum clinical setting.

Objectives: Attempts to introduce assessment for exposure to domestic violence in health care settings have met with limited success, in spite of widespread knowledge of the prevalence of spousal abuse and its implications for women's health. We assessed the utility of Rogers' model of institutional change for the implementation of a universal screening program for domestic violence in postpartum clinical settings.

Methods: We adapted Rogers' innovation-diffusion model to develop and implement a protocol for domestic violence assessment among 300 nurses working in two hospitals that together provide obstetrical care to the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.