Medication Safety Counseling Practices of Pediatric Primary Care Clinicians.

Medication exposures and poisonings are a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Unsafe patient practices are well documented despite the American Academy of Pediatrics recommending that pediatric primary care clinicians discuss medication safety with patients. Current clinician counseling practices for pediatric patients are unknown.

Health-care-Related Practices in Virtual Behavioral Health Treatment for Major Depression Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The abrupt shift to virtual care at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to disrupt care practices in virtual behavioral health encounters. We examined changes over time in virtual behavioral health-care-related practices for patient encounters with diagnoses of major depression.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized electronic health record data from 3 integrated health care systems.

Did Access to Ambulatory Care Moderate the Associations Between Visit Mode and Ancillary Services Utilization Across the COVID-19 Pandemic Period?

Background/objective: In recent years, 2 circumstances changed provider-patient interactions in primary care: the substitution of virtual (eg, video) for in-person visits and the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied whether access to care might affect patient fulfillment of ancillary services orders for ambulatory diagnosis and management of incident neck or back pain (NBP) and incident urinary tract infection (UTI) for virtual versus in-person visits.

Methods: Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 3 Kaiser Permanente Regions to identify incident NBP and UTI visits from January 2016 through June 2021.

Management of Neck or Back Pain in Ambulatory Care: Did Visit Mode or the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Provider Practice or Patient Adherence?

Background/objective: In recent years, 2 circumstances have changed provider-patient interactions in ambulatory care: (1) the replacement of virtual for in-person visits and (2) the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied the potential impact of each event on provider practice and patient adherence by comparing the frequency of the association of provider orders, and patient fulfillment of those orders, by visit mode and pandemic period, for incident neck or back pain (NBP) visits in ambulatory care.

Methods: Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 3 Kaiser Permanente regions (Colorado, Georgia, and Mid-Atlantic States) from January 2017 to June 2021.

Virtual Care and Urinary Tract Infection Management: Comparing Ancillary Service Orders and Patient Order Fulfillments Between Virtual and In-person Encounters During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, more health care issues were being managed remotely. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are being managed more often using telehealth although few reports compare the rate of UTI ancillary service orders placed and fulfilled during these visits.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate and compare the rate of ancillary service orders and order fulfillments in incident UTI diagnoses between virtual and in-person encounters.

Patient Factors Associated With Use of Adult Primary Care and Virtual Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The delivery of adult primary care (APC) shifted from predominately in-person to modes of virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how these shifts impacted the likelihood of APC use during the pandemic, or how patient characteristics may be associated with the use of virtual care.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using person-month level datasets from 3 geographically disparate integrated health care systems was conducted for the observation period of January 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021.

Impact of COVID-19 on Trends in Outpatient Clinic Utilization: A Tale of 2 Departments.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced many US health care organizations to shift from mostly in-person care to a hybrid of virtual visits (VV) and in-person visits (IPV). While there was an expected and immediate shift to virtual care (VC) early in the pandemic, little is known about trends in VC use after restrictions eased.

Methods: This is a retrospective study using data from 3 health care systems.

Postpartum Symptoms of Depression are Related to Infant Feeding Practices in a National WIC Sample.

Objective: To examine the association between elevated maternal postpartum depression symptoms and select targets of nutrition education within the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), including infant feeding beliefs, feeding practices, and dietary intake choices.

Design: Longitudinal analysis of secondary data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.

Setting: Eighty WIC sites.

Prenatal and Postnatal Experiences Predict Breastfeeding Patterns in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.

To examine pre- and postnatal experiential factors associated with desirable breastfeeding patterns in a nationally representative population of low-income women who prenatally enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and initiated breastfeeding. Using data from the longitudinal WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2, multivariable, hierarchical logistic regression analyses identified prenatal and postnatal experiential factors associated with three breastfeeding patterns: (1) breastfeeding at 6 months, (2) breastfeeding at 1 year, and (3) breastfeeding at 1 year without introducing formula through age 6 months. After controlling for covariates, one prenatal factor, breastfeeding intentions, and one postnatal factor, receipt of a doctor's recommendation to breastfeed, raised the odds of exhibiting the patterns analyzed.

Breastfeeding Duration in a Low-Income Sample Is Associated With Child Diet Quality at Age Three.

Background: Little research has focused on breastfeeding and diet quality, particularly in low-income populations at risk for shorter breastfeeding duration and poorer diet quality.

Research Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and later diet quality in a low-income population.

Methods: For this longitudinal prospective cohort study we conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2, a national study of infant feeding practices and child outcomes.

Longer Participation in WIC Is Associated with Better Diet Quality in 24-Month-Old Children.

Background: Little is known about duration of exposure to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in relation to children's diet quality.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between duration of WIC participation and diet quality of 24-month-old children.

Design: A national longitudinal observational study was conducted with participants initially enrolled in WIC in 2013.

Predictors of WIC Participation Through 2 Years of Age.

Objective: To examine factors associated with Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation through 2 years of age.

Design: Longitudinal data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.

Setting: Eighty WIC sites.

Contribution of WIC-Eligible Foods to the Overall Diet of 13- and 24-Month-Old Toddlers in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.

Background: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides supplemental foods to assist participants in meeting their dietary needs. Few studies have described the extent to which WIC-eligible foods contribute to the overall diet of children who were enrolled in WIC prenatally or in early infancy.

Objective: Our aims were to examine commonly consumed foods and estimate the proportion of dietary intake contributed by WIC-eligible foods among 13- and 24-month-old children, and to assess differences by WIC participation status at 24-months.

Diet Quality of US Infants and Toddlers 7-24 Months Old in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.

Background: Despite the important implications of childhood dietary intakes on lifelong eating habits and health, data are lacking on the diet quality of low-income infants and toddlers.

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize diet quality in low-income US infants and toddlers.

Methods: A national observational study was conducted of 7- to 12-mo-old (n = 1261), 13-mo-old (n = 2515), and 24-mo-old (n = 2179) children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) prenatally/at birth from 2013 to 2016.

Longitudinal prediction of child outcomes from differing measures of parenting in a low-income sample.

This study examined predictions from preschool parenting measures to middle childhood cognitive and socioemotional child outcomes to explore whether parenting assessment methodologies that require more time, training, and expense yield better predictions of child outcomes than less intensive methodologies. Mother-child dyads (N = 278) in low-income African American families were assessed when the child was in preschool, using maternal report, the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment-Short Form (P. Baker & F.

Continuity, discontinuity, and coherence in attachment from infancy to late adolescence: sequelae of organization and disorganization.

This longitudinal study examines continuity and discontinuity of attachment quality from infancy to late adolescence in a sample of 125 participants considered at birth to be at high-risk due to poverty. Strange Situations were conducted at 12 and 18 months; Adult Attachment Interviews were administered at age 19. Child and maternal characteristics and experiences and observational assessments of the families were explored as correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment.

Predictability of observed mother-child interaction from preschool to middle childhood in a high-risk sample.

This study examined predictability of observed parent-child interaction from preschool to middle childhood in 283 mother-child dyads. Participants were welfare recipients enrolled in the Observational Study of the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Program. Structured observational sessions were conducted both at preschool age and middle childhood, and were coded for maternal social behavior, child social behavior, and dyadic interaction.