The Role of Nurses in the Management of Adverse Events in Patients Receiving First-Line Axitinib Plus Immuno-Oncology Agents for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: The recent approval of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor plus immuno-oncology agent combination therapy for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma offers substantially improved response rates and survival compared with the previous standard of care. This expansion of treatment options has also led to a greater range and complexity of potential treatment-related adverse events related to overlapping toxicities. The aim of this article is to discuss the management of common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) associated with axitinib plus immuno-oncology therapy, highlight the specific roles of oncology nurses in managing these events, and provide AE management resources to aid oncology nurses in their care of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Antagonizing CD105 and androgen receptor to target stromal-epithelial interactions for clinical benefit.

Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) are standard of care for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Eventual resistance to ARSIs can include the expression of androgen receptor (AR) splice variant, AR-V7, expression as a recognized means of ligand-independent androgen signaling. We demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-6-mediated AR-V7 expression requires bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and CD105 receptor activity in both PCa and associated fibroblasts.

Randomized Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T with or without Radium-223 in Men with Bone-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To investigate whether radium-223 increases peripheral immune responses to sipuleucel-T in men with bone-predominant, minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Patients And Methods: A total of 32 patients were randomized 1:1 in this open-label, phase II multicenter trial. Patients in the control arm received three sipuleucel-T treatments, 2 weeks apart.

The Critical Role of the Oncology Nurse as a Partner in the Management of Patients With Advanced Kidney Cancer: Toxicity Management, Symptom Control, and Palliative Care.

The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma has changed dramatically since 2005 with the approval of 12 regimens including oral, intravenous, and combination strategies. These approvals have changed the treatment paradigm for these patients and developed new challenges and a critical role for oncology nurses to ensure that the treatment plan and adverse events are managed effectively. The majority of these regimens include an oral anticancer drug, which requires patients and their caregivers to understand the medication, the potential adverse events, the importance of medicine adherence, and the importance of early and ongoing education with the oncology team to maximize clinical outcomes.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Key Principles When Educating Patients.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a fast-developing field within the spectrum of cancer care. ICIs are associated with distinctive immune-related adverse events (irAEs), reflecting their unique mechanisms of action.

Objectives: Effective management of irAEs requires early recognition and prompt reporting of their signs and symptoms; appropriate patient education is critical to maximizing this opportunity.

Renal cell carcinoma: the translation of molecular biology into new treatments, new patient outcomes, and nursing implications.

Purpose/objectives: To provide an overview of the current knowledge and treatment options for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Data Sources: Published articles, published abstracts, online databases, and package inserts.

Data Synthesis: Researchers have an increased understanding of the genetic and prognostic risk factors associated with RCC.

Expression of CXCR3 on mononuclear cells and CXCR3 ligands in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in response to systemic IL-2 therapy.

Chemokines play an important role in regulating tumor-mediated immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor cell metastasis. The chemokine receptor, CXCR3, is expressed in various human tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). CXCR3 is also associated with antiangiogenic effects in multiple tumors, and we hypothesized that interleukin-2 (IL-2) treatment of patients with metastatic clear cell RCC could augment CXCR3 levels on circulating mononuclear cells and correlate to outcome.

A pilot trial of tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cells for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Cultured tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cells (TuLy-DC) have been demonstrated in vitro to stimulate potent immune modulations and generate significant antitumor response. We report the results of a pilot trial of TuLy-DC vaccine for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Fourteen mRCC patients underwent nephrectomy to obtain autologous TuLy prepared by subjecting tumor cells to 3 freeze/thaw cycles.

Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer.

Antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), are the key component of many cancer immunotherapy strategies. However, DCs comprise a rare population of clinically obtainable cells and are compromised in function in cancer-bearing hosts. Clinical trials therefore rely upon DC generated ex vivo.

Mathematical model to predict individual survival for patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To develop a multivariate model and mathematical formula capable of calculating personalized survival for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with clinically available variables.

Patients And Methods: A total of 477 patients out of 661 undergoing nephrectomy at the University of California Los Angeles between 1989 and 1999 were eligible for evaluation and formed the analyzed cohort for this retrospective study. Time to death was the primary end point assessed.