Nanoimmunosensor based on atomic force spectroscopy to detect anti-myelin basic protein related to early-stage multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the central nervous system for which biomarkers for diagnosis still remain unknown. One potential biomarker is the myelin basic protein. Here, a nanoimmunosensor based on atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) successfully detected autoantibodies against the MBP peptide from myelin basic protein.

Fluorescent and Photosensitizing Conjugates of Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT(47-57): Design, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis at 60 °C, and Properties.

Conjugates based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are scientifically relevant owing to their structural complexity; their ability to enter cells and deliver drugs, labels, antioxidants, bioactive compounds, or DNA fragments; and, consequently, their potential for application in research and biomedicine. In this study, carboxyamidated fluorescently labeled conjugates FAM-GG-TAT(47-57)-NH and FAM-PEG-TAT(47-57)-NH and photosensitizer-labeled conjugate Ch-PEG-TAT(47-57)-NH [where TAT(47-57) is the CPP, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein is the (FAM) fluorophore, chlorin k (Ch) is the photosensitizer, and the dipeptide glycyl-glycine (GG) or hexaethylene glycol (PEG) is the spacer] were originally designed, prepared, and fully characterized. Practically, all chemical reactions of the synthetic steps (peptide synthesis, spacer incorporation, and conjugation) were microwave-assisted at 60 °C using optimized protocols to give satisfying yields and high-quality products.