Treatment of Cutaneous Adnexal Carcinoma With Radiotherapy: A 20-Year, Single-Institution Experience in 49 Patients.

Objectives: Cutaneous adnexal carcinomas (CACs) are rare skin cancers with no established treatment guidelines. Given the limited data, this study aims to explore the characteristics and outcomes of patients with CAC treated with radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: Patients diagnosed with CAC between 2000 and 2020 who received RT were included.

Evaluating Sex Differences in Language Abilities Within Down Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in language. Most studies do not consider the possible role sex differences may play in language profiles. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate whether parent-reported structural and pragmatic language vary as a function of sex in youth with DS (n = 37), ASD (n = 106), and typical development (TD; n = 61).

Postoperative Radiotherapy ± Cetuximab for Intermediate-Risk Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT)/cetuximab (C) demonstrated superiority over RT alone for locally advanced squamous head and neck cancer. We tested this in completely resected, intermediate-risk cancer.

Methods: Patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx, with one or more risk factors warranting postoperative RT.

International Expert-Based Consensus Definition, Classification Criteria, and Minimum Data Elements for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: An Inter-Disciplinary Modified Delphi Study.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a severe iatrogenic disease characterized by bone death after radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck. With over 9 published definitions and at least 16 classification systems, the true incidence and severity of ORNJ are obscured by lack of a standard for disease definition and severity assessment, leading to inaccurate estimation of incidence, reporting ambiguity, and likely under-diagnosis worldwide. This study aimed to achieve consensus on an explicit definition and phenotype of ORNJ and related precursor states through data standardization to facilitate effective diagnosis, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management of ORNJ.

Delineation of cross-domain associations between everyday executive function and adaptive behaviour in Down syndrome and Williams syndrome.

In genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS), difficulties with executive functioning (EF) are a commonly reported feature and a key correlate of long-term success in everyday life. Despite a robust literature in children with these syndromes, it remains unclear how cross-syndrome characteristics of everyday EF relate to adaptive functioning and intelligence among adults with DS and WS, and if these relationships differ between these groups. This study aimed to characterise the profile of strengths and weaknesses in everyday EF using the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Informant Version (BRIEF-A) in older adolescents and young adults with DS and WS.

Nasopharynx Cancer in the United States: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stage at Presentation.

Introduction: Although nasopharynx cancer (NPC) is rare in the United States, global epidemiology varies greatly. Therefore, understanding NPC disparities in the diverse US setting is critical.

Methods And Materials: Data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB, 2004-2021) identified patients with NPC; NCDB allows disaggregation by Asian American (AA) subgroups.

Automatic segmentation for magnetic resonance imaging guided individual elective lymph node irradiation in head and neck cancer patients.

Background And Purpose: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, the radiation dose to nearby organs at risk can be reduced by restricting elective neck irradiation from lymph node levels to individual lymph nodes. However, manual delineation of every individual lymph node is time-consuming and error prone. Therefore, automatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation of individual lymph nodes was developed and tested using a convolutional neural network (CNN).

The Potential and Challenges of Proton FLASH in Head and Neck Cancer Reirradiation.

Ultrahigh-dose-rate therapy, also known as FLASH radiotherapy (RT), is an emerging technique that is garnering significant interest in cancer treatment due to its potential to revolutionize therapy. This method can achieve comparable tumor control to conventional-dose-rate RT while offering the enhanced protection of normal tissue through the FLASH-sparing effect. This innovative technique has demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies involving animals and cell lines.

An Examination of Perceived Stress and Emotion Regulation Challenges as Mediators of Associations Between Camouflaging and Internalizing Symptomatology.

Background: Camouflaging involves the masking of autism traits, potentially creating an outer impression of "non-autisticness." Although associations of camouflaging with anxiety and depression in autistic adults are widely reported, factors that mediate these associations are unclear. We examined two potential mediators of the association between camouflaging and anxiety/depression: perceived stress and emotion regulation (ER) challenges.

Tumor Hypoxia on 18F-fluoromisonidazole Positron Emission Tomography and Distant Metastasis From Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: Given high rates of locoregional control after definitive management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), better methods are needed to project distant metastasis (DM) risk. Tumor hypoxia on 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) is associated with locoregional failure, but data demonstrating an association with DM are limited.

Objective: To determine whether tumor hypoxia on FMISO PET is associated with DM risk after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for HNSCC.

Impact of Surveillance Imaging in Patients With HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Definitive Radiation and Chemotherapy.

Objectives: Surveillance imaging for HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs) differs among physicians and institutions. Surveillance imaging can detect disease progression earlier, but can also contribute to anxiety and cost, without proven survival benefits. We sought to determine practice patterns of surveillance imaging and the number of surveillance scans needed to detect one recurrence in patients with HPV-associated OPCs.

Development of F-Fluoromisonidazole Hypoxia PET/CT Diagnostic Interpretation Criteria and Validation of Interreader Reliability, Reproducibility, and Performance.

Tumor hypoxia, an integral biomarker to guide radiotherapy, can be imaged with F-fluoromisonidazole (F-FMISO) hypoxia PET. One major obstacle to its broader application is the lack of standardized interpretation criteria. We sought to develop and validate practical interpretation criteria and a dedicated training protocol for nuclear medicine physicians to interpret F-FMISO hypoxia PET.

Micronuclear collapse from oxidative damage.

Chromosome-containing micronuclei are a hallmark of aggressive cancers. Micronuclei frequently undergo irreversible collapse, exposing their enclosed chromatin to the cytosol. Micronuclear rupture catalyzes chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic abnormalities, and inflammation, yet mechanisms safeguarding micronuclear integrity are poorly understood.

Optimal systemic treatment and real-world clinical application of ctDNA in patients with metastatic HER2-mutant lung cancer.

Introduction: No definitive answers currently exist regarding optimal first-line therapy for HER2-mutant NSCLC. Access to rapid tissue sequencing is a major barrier to precision drug development in the first-line setting. ctDNA analysis has the potential to overcome these obstacles and guide treatment.

Genotype-Directed Synthetic Cytotoxicity of ATR Inhibition with Radiotherapy.

Purpose: The importance of the DNA damage response in mediating effects of radiotherapy (RT) has galvanized efforts to target this pathway with radiosensitizers. Yet early clinical trials of this approach have failed to yield a benefit in unselected populations. We hypothesized that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm)-null tumors would demonstrate genotype-specific synergy between RT and an inhibitor of the DNA damage response protein ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase.

Outcomes of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: Largest single-center cross-sectional study.

Background: We evaluate outcomes of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas in the largest single-institution study.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma between 1998 and 2024. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free probability (RFP) at 1 and 5 years were measured by Kaplan-Meier method.

Multi-modality imaging parameters that predict rapid tumor regression in head and neck radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Volume regression during radiotherapy can indicate patient-specific treatment response. We aimed to identify pre-treatment multimodality imaging (MMI) metrics from positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) that predict rapid tumor regression during radiotherapy in human papilloma virus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Pre-treatment FDG PET-CT, diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), and intra-treatment (at 1, 2, and 3 weeks) MRI were acquired in 72 patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy for HPV+ oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Association between objective measures of oral health and salivary gland irradiation with patient-reported outcomes following head and neck radiation therapy.

Purpose: To determine whether objective measures of oral health and salivary gland irradiation correlates with subjective measures of eating, drinking, and salivation in patients following head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 112 patients following HNRT with a completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale. Objective measures at post-HNRT visit included decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) scores, periodontal disease condition, oral hygiene status, dental prosthesis use, and prescribed radiation dose to salivary glands.