Dumping military waste into Lake Superior: the historic legacies of secrecy, censorship, and uncertainty.

In recent years, the issue of military waste disposal in oceans and seas has gained significant attention; however, the impact of such waste in freshwater deposits has been understudied. The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America contain 20% of the world's fresh surface water and are particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors such as climate change, invasive species, and toxic chemicals, making the examination of military waste management in these waters crucial. This interdisciplinary study aims to investigate the legacy of two military waste disposal sites in Lake Superior, referred to as Site A (containing barrels) and Site B (containing bullets).

A spatial evaluation of historic iron mining impacts on current impaired waters in Lake Superior's Mesabi Range.

This paper examines the water quality legacies of historic and current iron mining in the Mesabi Range, the most productive iron range in the history of North America, producing more than 42% of the world's iron ore in the 1950s. Between 1893 and 2016, 3.5 × 10 t of iron ore were shipped from the Mesabi Range to steel plants throughout the world.

Changing ideas in forestry: A comparison of concepts in Swedish and American forestry journals during the early twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

By combining digital humanities text-mining tools and a qualitative approach, we examine changing concepts in forestry journals in Sweden and the United States (US) in the early twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Our first hypothesis is that foresters at the beginning of the twentieth century were more concerned with production and less concerned with ecology than foresters at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Our second hypothesis is that US foresters in the early twentieth century were less concerned with local site conditions than Swedish foresters.

Inspiration for aspirations: Virginia nurse insights about BSN progression.

The Partnerships for Progression: Inspiration for Aspirations project was developed to create a culture of academic progression for nurses in Virginia. A survey was completed by 128 nurses who are currently enrolled in Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs throughout Virginia to learn why registered nurses pursue the bachelor of science degree (BSN) and to identify supports and obstacles that influence their experiences. Findings indicate that BSN progression is influenced by an interacting set of personal, work, and educational factors.

Partnerships and new learning models to create the future perioperative nursing workforce.

To create new and sustainable approaches for development of the perioperative nursing workforce, perioperative nursing leaders at a hospital collaborated with administrators and faculty at a school of nursing to create an innovative learning model that reintroduces perioperative experiences to students in a nursing baccalaureate program. Key components of the initial approaches included an externship for nursing students and a revised internship for experienced nurses who wished to work in perioperative nursing. Project leaders then expanded the nursing student learning opportunity by adding two additional elective perioperative courses to the curriculum.

BODY SIZE AND HAREM SIZE IN MALE RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS: MANIPULATING SELECTION WITH SEX-SPECIFIC FEEDERS.

We experimentally manipulated the strength of selection in the field on red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to test hypotheses about contrasting selective forces that favor either large or small males in sexually size dimorphic birds. Selander (1972) argued that sexual selection favors larger males, while survival selection eventually stabilizes male size because larger males do not survive as well as smaller males during harsh winters. Searcy (1979a) proposed instead that sexual selection may be self limiting: male size might be stabilized not by overwinter mortality, but by breeding-season sexual selection that favors smaller males.

THE EVOLUTION OF FEMALE BODY SIZE IN RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS: THE EFFECTS OF TIMING OF BREEDING, SOCIAL COMPETITION, AND REPRODUCTIVE ENERGETICS.

We examined opposing selective forces on female body size in the sexually dimorphic red-winged blackbird: social competition favoring larger females, and energetic advantages favoring smaller females. Downhower proposed that selection might drive female birds to be smaller than the optimum for survival, if smaller females were able to exceed their energetic requirements for self-maintenance earlier in the season and therefore breed earlier. Since in most birds the earliest breeders fledge the most young, this could favor the evolution of smaller female size, and therefore contribute to the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism in these birds.