How are volume-outcome associations related to models of health care funding and delivery? A comparison of the United States and Canada.

How models of health care financing and delivery affect patterns of procedure volumes, outcomes, and volume-outcome associations is not known. We compared volume-outcome studies done in Canada, which provides residents with universal, single-payer health care, with those done in the United States, to determine whether there was a difference in the likelihood of finding statistically significant volume-outcome associations. We analyzed 142 articles, most (90.