A randomised clinical study to evaluate the effect of brushing duration on fluoride levels in dental biofilm fluid and saliva in children aged 4-5 years.

Objectives: To compare the effect of 40 seconds versus 2 minutes brushing on saliva and dental biofilm fluid fluoride in children ages 4-5 years over 1 hour.

Design: This was a single-blind, cross-over, randomised, two-period clinical study in healthy children. Three days before the start of each treatment subjects received a thorough brushing and then refrained from all oral hygiene procedures.

A randomised clinical study to evaluate experimental children's toothpastes in an in-situ palatal caries model in children aged 11-14 years.

Objectives: To compare three children's sodium fluoride toothpastes to placebo with respect to enamel remineralisation potential, enamel fluoride uptake and net acid resistance using an in situ palatal caries model in children aged 11-14 years following a single brushing.

Design: This was a randomised, single blind (laboratory analyst), single-centre, four-treatment, crossover study with a 7-day washout period between treatments. The treatments were 1,426 ppm fluoride, 1,000 ppm fluoride, 500 ppm fluoride and 0 ppm fluoride (placebo) toothpaste (NaF/silica).

Changes in postpartum perineal muscle function in women with and without episiotomies.

This report presents results of a comparison perineal muscle function between antepartum and postpartum measurements in a cohort of women with different perineal conditions after childbirth. Data were obtained by using prospective electromyographic perineometry measurements to objectively determine perineal muscle function before and after delivery in 102 women. In addition, 24 nulliparous, non-pregnant women were studied to determine the effect of pregnancy on perineal muscle function.