Development of a Scoring Tool for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Evaluation of its Interrater Reliability.

Objective: Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are often needed in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) to determine the objective response to treatment. Our objectives in this study were (1) to develop a consensus-based MRI scoring tool for clinical and research use in CNO; and (2) to evaluate interrater reliability and agreement using whole-body (WB)-MRI from children with CNO.

Methods: Eleven pediatric radiologists discussed definitions and grading of signal intensity, size of signal abnormality within bone marrow, and associated features on MRI through monthly conference calls and a consensus meeting, using a nominal group technique in July 2017.

A Pilot Study of Infrared Thermal Imaging to Detect Active Bone Lesions in Children With Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis.

Objective: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disease. An inexpensive and rapid imaging tool, infrared thermal imaging, was evaluated for its utility to detect active bone lesions in extremities of children with CNO.

Methods: Children with suspected active CNO and healthy controls were enrolled.

MRI-informed muscle biopsies correlate MRI with pathology and DUX4 target gene expression in FSHD.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common, dominantly inherited disease caused by the epigenetic de-repression of the DUX4 gene, a transcription factor normally repressed in skeletal muscle. As targeted therapies are now possible in FSHD, a better understanding of the relationship between DUX4 activity, muscle pathology and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes is crucial both to understand disease mechanisms and for the design of future clinical trials. Here, we performed MRIs of the lower extremities in 36 individuals with FSHD, followed by needle muscle biopsies in safely accessible muscles.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a common treatment for many disorders. Albuminuria post-HCT, which may represent endothelial injury or inflammation from graft- versus-host disease, increases the risk of chronic kidney disease and nonrelapse mortality at 1 year. HCT recipients also have abnormal blood pressure (BP) and increased rates of cardiovascular complications.

Performance of the Silverman Andersen Respiratory Severity Score in predicting PCO and respiratory support in newborns: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine if the Silverman Andersen respiratory severity score, which is assessed by physical exam, within 1 h of birth is associated with elevated carbon dioxide level and/or the need for increased respiratory support.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study including 140 neonates scored within 1 h of birth. We report respiratory scores and their association with carbon dioxide and respiratory support within 24 h.

Reinfection after treatment of first cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: a prospective observational cohort study.

OBJECTIVE CSF shunt infection requires both surgical and antibiotic treatment. Surgical treatment includes either total shunt removal with external ventricular drain (EVD) placement followed by new shunt insertion, or distal shunt externalization followed by new shunt insertion once the CSF is sterile. Antibiotic treatment includes the administration of intravenous antibiotics.

MRI change metrics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Stir and T1.

Introduction: MRI evaluation in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) demonstrates fatty replacement and inflammation/edema in muscle. Our previous work demonstrated short T1 inversion recovery (STIR)-hyperintense (STIR+) signal in muscle 2 years before fatty replacement. We evaluated leg muscle STIR changes and fatty replacement within 14 months.

Assessing a dual-frequency identification sonars' fish-counting accuracy, precision, and turbid river range capability.

Accurately assessing migrating salmon populations in turbid rivers with hydroacoustics is challenging. Using single, dual, or split-beam sonars, difficulties occur fitting acoustic beams between the river's narrow boundaries, distinguishing fish from nonfish echoes, and resolving individual fish at high densities. To address these issues, the fish-counting capability of a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON), which produces high resolution, video-like images, was assessed.