Objectives: To determine the effects of dental implant surface chemistry and energy on macrophage activation in vitro.
Materials And Methods: Disks made from two clinically used implant materials (titanium [Ti], titanium zirconium alloy [TiZr]) were produced with two different surface treatments (sandblast/acid-etch [SLA], hydrophilic-SLA [modSLA]). Surface roughness, energy, and chemistry were characterized.