Eschar-associated spotted fever rickettsiosis, Bahia, Brazil.

In Brazil, Brazilian spotted fever was once considered the only tick-borne rickettsial disease. We report eschar-associated rickettsial disease that occurred after a tick bite. The etiologic agent is most related to Rickettsia parkeri, R.

Antibiotics for the empirical treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children.

While the routine use of antibiotics for infectious diarrhea in children must be avoided, because it brings little benefit in most cases and is associated with the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance, selected cases may require antimicrobial therapy, and the choice of the antimicrobial agent often has to be made empirically. Physicians prescribing antimicrobials in such a setting have not only to be aware of the most likely pathogens, but also of their characteristic antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the safety profile of the various drugs. We reviewed the literature on the use of ampicillin, beta-lactamase inhibitors, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, metronidazole and malabsorbed agents in the setting of acute infectious diarrhea, and we evaluated the available information, seeking to apply it to empirical use, highlighting clinically-useful pharmacological information and patients' and pathogens' characteristics that must be taken into account for decisions about antimicrobial therapy.

Risk factors for infection by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Salvador, Brazil.

Unlabelled: Nosocomial infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) have been frequently reported worldwide. We have no information on such problems in Bahia, Brazil.

Objectives: Evaluate the risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by ESBL-Kp, in a tertiary hospital, in Bahia, Brazil.

Temporal evolution of the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary hospital in Bahia, Brazil: a nine-year evaluation study.

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become an increasing problem in Brazilian hospitals within the last years. In Bahia, there is scarce information on the epidemiological characteristics of MRSA infections and their determinants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal evolution of MRSA infections in a private, tertiary hospital, in Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia.

Evaluation of blood stream infections by Candida in three tertiary hospitals in Salvador, Brazil: a case-control study.

Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. are an important problem in immunocompromised patients. There is scarce data on the epidemiology of blood stream candidiasis in Salvador, Brazil.