Pharmacodynamics of meropenem in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Background: Pharmacokinetic changes have been found in critically ill patients, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) when compared with healthy volunteers leading to fluctuation of plasma concentrations.

Objective: To compare the probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for meropenem between administration by a bolus injection and a 3-hour infusion.

Material And Method: The study was a randomized three-way crossover in nine patients with VAP.

Pharmacodynamics of imipenem in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Background: Drug dispositions are altered in critically ill patients, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) when compared with healthy subjects leading to fluctuations of plasma concentrations.

Objective: To compare the probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for imipenem between administration by 0.5-hour and 2-hour infusions.

Pharmacodynamics modeling to optimize dosage regimens of sulbactam.

The aim of this study was to reveal population pharmacokinetics and assess the efficacies of various dosage regimens of sulbactam in terms of the probability of target attainment with this agent over a range of MICs. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the probability of attaining specific pharmacodynamic targets. The results indicated that a regimen consisting of a 4-h infusion of 3 g of sulbactam every 8 h would be an alternative treatment option for less-susceptible pathogens.

Pharmacodynamics of doripenem in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated Gram-negative bacilli pneumonia.

Several pathophysiological changes in critically ill patients are important in determining the therapeutic success of β-lactam antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the population pharmacokinetics and probabilities of target attainment (PTAs) of doripenem in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, comparing administration by 1-h and 4-h infusion. Patients were randomised into two groups: Group I received a 1-h infusion of 0.

Pharmacodynamics of meropenem in critically ill patients with febrile neutropenia and bacteraemia.

The bactericidal activity of β-lactams is determined by the time that concentrations in tissue and serum are above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) for the pathogen. The aim of this study was to compare the probability of target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for meropenem between administration by bolus injection and a 3-h infusion. The study was a randomised, three-way, cross-over design in eight febrile neutropenic patients with bacteraemia.

Comparative study of pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics of ciprofloxacin between 400 mg intravenously every 8 h and 400 mg intravenously every 12 h in patients with gram negative bacilli bacteremia.

Objective: To compare the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve at 24 hours to the minimum inhibitory concentration value (24-h AUC/MIC) of ciprofloxacin between 400 mg intravenously every 8 h and 400 mg intravenously every 12 h.

Material And Method: A prospective, randomized, two-way crossover study of 10 patients with gram-negative bacilli bacteremia was conducted. All patients were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin in both regimens consecutively: (i) 400 mg intravenously every 8 h for four doses; (ii) 400 mg intravenously every 12 h for four doses.