Immune-Related Adverse Events due to Concomitant Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chinese Herbal Medicines: A Study Based on a Japanese Adverse Event Database.

Background: Fatigue is an immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used for cancer treatment. Chinese herbal medicines (Ho-zai) are used to treat cancer-related fatigue. However, no interactions between ICIs and Ho-zai have been reported.

Impact of lymph node dissection on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with postoperative recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The effect of lymph node dissection (LND) on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in the effect of ICI between patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to the extent of LND performed in surgery prior to postoperative recurrence.

Methods: A total of 134 patients with postoperative recurrence (surgery group, n=26) or unresectable advanced lung cancer (non-surgery group, n=108) who were treated with ICIs between January 2016 and December 2022 were included for analysis.

A tailored tetravalent peptide displays dual functions to inhibit amyloid β production and aggregation.

Inhibition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a promising approach for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is produced by β-secretase and γ-secretase in endosomes via sequential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aβ and APP have a common feature to readily cluster to form multimers.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Selectively Suppresses U46619- and PGF-Induced Contractions in Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscles.

We investigated the potential inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the contractions of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscles in response to U46619 (a thromboxane A (TXA) mimetic) and prostaglandin F (PGF) to examine whether this n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid suppresses prostanoid-induced tracheal contractions. DHA (3 × 10 M) significantly suppressed tracheal contractions elicited by lower concentrations of U46619 (10 M) and PGF (5 × 10 M) (vs. control), although it did not suppress the contractions induced by higher concentrations (U46619: 10 M; PGF: 10 M).

Pharmacological evidence showing significant roles for potassium channels and CYP epoxygenase metabolites in the relaxant effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the rat aorta contracted with U46619.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) shows more pronounced relaxation when blood vessel is contracted with prostanoid receptor agonists than other stimulants. The present study was carried out to obtain information on the mechanisms underlying prostanoid receptor-selective relaxant action of DHA, particularly focusing on the possible roles for K(+) channels and its CYP epoxygenase (EOX) metabolites. In endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta, DHA (10(-5) M) almost completely relaxed U46619 (a thromboxane A2 (TP) receptor agonist)-contracted muscle without substantially affecting noradrenaline (NA)-induced contraction.