Recent Progress and Emerging Applications of Rare Earth Doped Phosphor Materials for Dye-Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review.

Although the efficiency of Dye-sensitized and Perovskite solar cell is still below the performance level of market dominance silicon solar cells, in last few years they have grabbed significant attention because of their fabrication ease using low-cost materials, and henceforth these cells are considered as a promising alternative to commercial photovoltaic devices. However, third generation solar cells have significant absorption in the visible region of solar spectrum, which confines their power conversion efficiency. Subsequently, the performance of current photovoltaics is significantly hampered by the transmission loss of sub-band-gap photons.

Metallated Macrocyclic Derivatives as a Hole - Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells.

Spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as thehole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSC), which extracts positive charges and protects the perovskite materials from metal electrode, setting a new world-record efficiency of more than 20 %. Spiro-OMeTAD layer engross moisture leading to the degradation of perovskite, and therefore, has poor air stability. It is also expensive therefore limiting scale-up, so macrocyclic metal complex derivatives (MMDs) could be a suitable replacement.

Stipulating Low Production Cost Solar Cells All Set to Retail…!

Today's solar cells are exceptionally in demand whilst excess exploitation of natural fossil fuels. In this context, the first and second generation solar cells commercially available in market for more than decades however limitations in production cost and large-scale applications insist to generate inexpensive materials for fabrication. Thereby, organic materials based solar cells explored and emerging as third generation solar cells which possess flexibility, low cost and large-scale applications.