A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells.

The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance by activating the transcription factor PPARγ. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering action, pioglitazone exerts pleiotropic effects including amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanism by which pioglitazone achieves this latter effect has remained unclear, however.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces lipolysis by regulating ATGL expression via the SIRT1-AMPK axis in adipocytes.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) -dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism. Although the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD intermediate, has been shown to ameliorate metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, the direct effect of NMN on the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes remains unclear. We here investigated the effect of NMN on lipid storage in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes.