Age, HLA, and Sex Define a Marked Risk of Organ-Specific Autoimmunity in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Autoimmune diseases can be diagnosed early through the detection of autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of organ-specific autoimmunity in individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: The study cohort included 2,441 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who were prospectively followed from birth to a maximum of 29.