The function of an apple ATP-dependent Phosphofructokinase gene MdPFK5 in regulating salt stress.

Salt stress severely affects the growth and yield of apples (Malus domestica Borkh). Although salt-tolerant genes have been extensively studied, documentation on the role of the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase gene MdPFK5 in salt stress is limited. This study conducted an evolutionary tree and three-dimensional structure analysis of the PFK gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and MdPFK (MD01G1037400), revealing a close phylogenetic relationship between MdPFK (MD01G1037400) and AtPFK5.

Nonhomologous Black Carbon Decoupled Char and Soot Sequestration Based on Stable Carbon Isotopes in Tibetan Plateau Lake Sediment.

Combustion-derived black carbon (BC) is an important component of sedimentary carbon pool. Due to different physicochemical properties, determining the source of char and soot is crucial for BC cycling, especially for nonhomologous char and soot in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study analyzed the sequestration and source of BC, char, and soot in the Dagze Co (inner TP) sediment core via the content and δC, revealing the biomass and fossil fuel driving on nonsynchronous char and soot and their response to local anthropogenic activities and atmospheric transmission.

Dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs-d) in response to hydrology variation and anthropogenic activities in the Yangtze River, China.

Owing to their bioavailability and toxicity, the dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs-d) loaded in rivers are harmful to both inland and marine ecosystems. Thus, exploring the changes in PAHs-d levels and sources is important for controlling PAHs pollution. In this study, the concentration of PAHs-d in the mainstream of the Yangtze River during dry and wet seasons was investigated and the source was analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to assess the response of PAHs-d to hydrological and anthropogenic activities changes.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in remote lakes from the Tibetan Plateau: Concentrations, source, ecological risk, and influencing factors.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received worldwide attention due to their potential teratogenic, persistent, and carcinogenic characteristics. In this study, the PAHs concentrations in two dated sediment cores taken from central Tibetan Plateau (TP) were analyzed to study the deposition history, potential sources, ecological risks, and influencing factors. Total concentration of PAHs (∑PAHs) ranged from 50.

Stable carbon isotopes trace the effect of fossil fuels on fractions of particulate black carbon in a large urban lake in China.

Black carbon (BC), the highly recalcitrant aromatic carbonaceous from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass, is an important carbon sink in carbon cycle. Char and soot, the main components of BC, have significantly different origin and physicochemical characteristics (particle sizes and resultant transportability). The limited understanding of char and soot sources leads to poor insight into the effect of BC on carbon cycle.

Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Lake Dagze Co, Tibetan Plateau, China: Comparison of three receptor models.

Receptor models are a useful tool for identifying sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multiple environmental media. In this study, three different receptor models (including the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Unmix models) were used to apportion the sources of 16 priority PAHs in a sediment core of Lake Dagze Co. The ∑PAHs (sum of all 16 measured PAHs) concentrations ranged from 51.

[Spatial Variation Characteristics and Remote Sensing Retrieval of Total Suspended Matter in Surface Water of the Yangtze River].

Total suspended matter(TSM) is an important parameter that describes optical characteristics and water pollution level. Remote sensing was used to obtain suspended matter concentrations in the planar water body, which can monitor and analyze the reliability of turbidity and pollution levels. In this study, a semi-empirical model of suspended matter along the Yangtze River mainstream(from Chongqing to Shanghai) was constructed based on the field measured hyperspectral data and suspended matter concentration and its components, with reference to MODIS(1-4 band), Landsat 8(1-5 band), Sentinel 2(2-6 band), HJ-B1(1-4 band), and other commonly used band ranges.

Spatial variation of particulate black carbon, and its sources in a large eutrophic urban lake in China.

Black carbon (BC), characterized by high aromaticity and stability, has been recognized as a substantial fraction of the carbon pool in soil and sediment. The effect of BC on the particulate organic carbon (POC) pool in lake water, which is an important medium of carbon transmission and transformation, has not been thoroughly studied. The investigations of BC composition and distribution, POC, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were conducted in a eutrophic urban lake, Taihu Lake, which is the third largest freshwater lake in China.

Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake.

The continuous flux of organic carbon (OC) from terrestrial ecosystems into inland water is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The buried OC pool in inland water sediments is considerable, and black carbon (BC) is a significant contributor to this OC pool because of the continuous growth in BC emissions. Therefore, determining the effect of BC on total OC burial and variations in the structure of BC during the burial process will contribute significantly to our understanding of lacustrine carbon cycling.

Discovery of potent cytotoxic ortho-aryl chalcones as new scaffold targeting tubulin and mitosis with affinity-based fluorescence.

A series of new ortho-aryl chalcones have been designed and synthesized. Many of these compounds were found to exhibit significant antiproliferation activity toward a panel of cancer cell lines. Selected compounds show potent cytotoxicity against several drug resistant cell lines including paclitaxel (Taxol) resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells, vincristine resistant human ileocecum carcinoma cells, and doxorubicin resistant human breast carcinoma cells.

Discovery of 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-one as a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and its complex crystal structure.

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, but enthusiasm on discovery of PDE5 inhibitors continues for their potential new applications. Reported here is discovery of a series of new PDE5 inhibitors by structure-based design, molecular docking, chemical synthesis, and enzymatic characterization. The best compound, 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-one (57), has an IC₅₀ of 17 nM against the PDE5 catalytic domain and good selectivity over other PDE families.

Synthesis and identification of new flavonoids targeting liver X receptor β involved pathway as potential facilitators of Aβ clearance with reduced lipid accumulation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired Aβ degradation in the brain. Enhancing the process of Aβ clearance is an attractive potential AD therapy. Treatment with LXR agonists may reduce Aβ levels in vivo.