A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association of Walnut Consumption with Obesity and Relative Fat Mass among United States Adolescents and Young Adults in NHANES (2003-2020).

Background: Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity.

Objectives: We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults.

Secondary Analysis of Sweetness Liking from Pilot Study Replacing Sugar Sweetened Soda with Flavored, Unsweetened Sparkling Water.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in sensory ratings (liking, sweetness intensity, "just about right" (JAR) level of sweetness) of 0-10.7% w/w sugar in soda after 1 and 2 wk of replacing sugar-sweetened soda consumption with unsweetened, flavored, sparkling water.

Methods: Consumers of sugar-sweetened sodas (17 men and women, average age 28 years) replaced their sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters for 2 wk.

Obesity modifies the association between diabetes and iron biomarkers and red cell indices in reproductive-aged women in the United States.

Obesity and diabetes are associated with impaired iron metabolism. We aimed to examine the independent relationship between diabetes and iron after controlling for body weight (or obesity) in women aged 20-49 years. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2015 to 2018 were used in this investigation.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult Populations.

Background: There is a lack of consensus on a reference range for ionized magnesium (iMg) in blood as a measure of the status of circulating iMg for the screening of populations.

Objectives: We estimated the reference range of iMg levels for healthy adult populations and the ranges for populations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. We also estimated 95% ranges for circulating magnesium (Mg) in healthy and those with cardiometabolic diseases.

Sexual Function and Satisfaction in the Context of Obesity.

Purpose Of Review: Sexual dysfunction is commonly associated with overweight/obesity, but the underlying physiological and psychosocial mechanisms are not fully understood. This review contextualizes the obesity-sexual (dys)function relationship, describes recent insights from the medical and social science literature, and suggests opportunities for continued research.

Recent Findings: Although sexual dysfunction has been historically evaluated as a consequence/outcome of obesity, it is increasingly considered as a harbinger of future metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Relationship between short-term self-reported dietary magnesium intake and whole blood ionized magnesium (iMg) or serum magnesium (s-Mg) concentrations.

Objective: Since we and others have shown that supplemental magnesium raises whole blood ionized magnesium (iMg) we investigated the relationships between self-reported dietary magnesium intake and concentrations of whole blood iMg and serum magnesium (s-Mg).

Methods: We obtained whole blood iMg concentrations, as well as s-Mg concentrations, from a pilot, three-arm, randomized, controlled, crossover bioavailability study of magnesium supplements ( = 23; 105 measures). Dietary magnesium intake was assessed using three-day food records and the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR, University of Minnesota, MN, USA).

Just noticeable difference in sweetness perception of cola: Small changes in sugar are noticeable.

Unlabelled: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption contributes to obesity and related diseases. Fortunately, beverages with reduced sweetness are a growing category in the beverage industry. These lower sweetness products could be useful for reducing the total dietary intake of sugar, but publicly available data are sparse on how much sweetness can be reduced without the change becoming noticeable to consumers.

Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals with Excess Weight: Weight Trajectory Effects.

Purpose Of Review: Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among individuals with overweight or obesity is well-established; however, questions remain about the temporal dynamics of weight change (gain or loss) on the natural course of T2D in this at-risk population. Existing epidemiologic evidence is limited to studies that discretely sample and assess excess weight and T2D risk at different ages with limited follow-up, yet changes in weight may have time-varying and possibly non-linear effects on T2D risk. Predicting the impact of weight change on the risk of T2D is key to informing primary prevention.

Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges.

Purpose: Serum magnesium is the most frequently used laboratory test for evaluating clinical magnesium status. Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium status), which is associated with many chronic diseases, is diagnosed using the serum magnesium reference range. Currently, no international consensus for a magnesemia normal range exists.

Assessment of baseline rates of functional and absolute iron deficiency in bariatric surgery candidates: a retrospective study.

Background: Preoperative optimization of iron status is a priority in candidates for bariatric surgery. Inflammation is strongly associated with obesity, and as a consequence, functional iron deficiency (ID) is potentially an underreported issue in surgical candidates.

Objectives: In light of updated practice guidelines, to retrospectively review preoperative iron status in an Irish cohort of bariatric surgery candidates, taking account of the relative incidence rate of functional ID.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced bacterial perturbation contributes to altered host-bacterial co-metabolic phenotype.

Background: Bariatric surgery, used to achieve effective weight loss in individuals with severe obesity, modifies the gut microbiota and systemic metabolism in both humans and animal models. The aim of the current study was to understand better the metabolic functions of the altered gut microbiome by conducting deep phenotyping of bariatric surgery patients and bacterial culturing to investigate causality of the metabolic observations.

Methods: Three bariatric cohorts (n = 84, n = 14 and n = 9) with patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB), respectively, were enrolled.

Nutrition care practice patterns for patients with COVID-19-A preliminary report.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a respiratory virus that poses risks to the nutrition status and survival of infected patients, yet there is paucity of data to inform evidence-based quality care.

Methods: We collected data on the nutrition care provided to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs).

Results: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N = 101) in this cohort were older adults and had elevated body mass index.

Feasibility of Mass-Spectrometry to Lower Cost and Blood Volume Requirements for Assessment of B Vitamins in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery induces deficiencies in a combination of B vitamins. However, high costs and a large blood volume requirement are barriers to routine screening. We adapted and validated a method coupling tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to facilitate cost-effective analysis for simultaneous detection of B vitamins in low volumes of plasma.

Circulating Ionized Magnesium as a Measure of Supplement Bioavailability: Results from a Pilot Study for Randomized Clinical Trial.

Oral supplementation may improve the dietary intake of magnesium, which has been identified as a shortfall nutrient. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate appropriate methods for assessing responses to the ingestion of oral magnesium supplements, including ionized magnesium in whole blood (iMg) concentration, serum total magnesium concentration, and total urinary magnesium content. In a single-blinded crossover study, 17 healthy adults were randomly assigned to consume 300 mg of magnesium from MgCl (ReMag, a picosized magnesium formulation) or placebo, while having a low-magnesium breakfast.

A multidimensional analysis of the longitudinal effects of roux en y gastric bypass on fatigue: An association with visceral obesity.

Background And Objectives: Severe obesity is associated with fatigue, however, the effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery on particular dimensions of fatigue are unknown. In a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of women undergoing roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) we explored relationships among multiple dimensions of fatigue and improving adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation.

Methods: Before, and 1 and 6 months after RYBG, dimensions of fatigue were assessed using the validated, self-report, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.

The effects of roux en y gastric bypass surgery on neurobehavioral symptom domains associated with severe obesity.

Background: Neurobehavioral symptoms and cognitive dysfunction related to mood disorders are present in individuals with severe obesity. We sought to determine acute improvements in these symptoms and relationships with adiposity, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity after roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Methods: The self-report Zung Depression Rating (ZDRS) and Neurotoxicity Rating (NRS) scales were administered before, and at 6-months after RYGB surgery in severely obese women (body mass index > 35 kg/m; N = 19).

Iron and Vitamin D/Calcium Deficiency after Gastric Bypass: Mechanisms Involved and Strategies to Improve Oral Supplement Disposition.

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are common following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Aetiology is diverse; including non-compliance, altered diet, unresolved preoperative deficiency and differential degrees of post-operative malabsorption occurring as function of length of bypassed intestine. Iron and calcium/vitamin D deficiency occur in up to 50% of patients following RYGB.

Proceedings of the 2017 ASPEN Research Workshop-Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut.

The goal of the National Institutes of Health-funded American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2017 research workshop (RW) "Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut" was to focus on the exciting research evaluating gut-derived signals in modulating outcomes after bariatric surgery. Although gastric bypass surgery has undoubted positive effects, the mechanistic basis of improved outcomes cannot be solely explained by caloric restriction. Emerging data suggest that bile acid metabolic pathways, luminal contents, energy balance, gut mucosal integrity, as well as the gut microbiota are significantly modulated after bariatric surgery and may be responsible for the variable outcomes, each of which was rigorously evaluated.

Comparison of Oral Iron Supplement Formulations for Normalization of Iron Status Following Roux-EN-y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Randomized Trial.

Background: The evidence behind recommendations for treatment of iron deficiency (ID) following roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) lacks high quality studies.

Setting: Academic, United States OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation using non-heme versus heme iron for treatment of iron deficiency in RYGB patients.

Methods: In a randomized, single-blind study, women post-RYGB and iron deficient received non-heme iron (FeSO, 195 mg/day) or heme iron (heme-iron-polypeptide, HIP, 31.