Bilateral pheochromocytoma: Clinical characteristics, treatment and longitudinal follow-up.

Objective: Comprehensive data about patients with bilateral pheochromocytoma are limited. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, genetic analysis, treatment and outcomes of patients with bilateral pheochromocytoma.

Design: A retrospective study at a tertiary care centre.

MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF GIANT PROLACTINOMA: A SERIES OF 71 PATIENTS.

To describe outcomes of patients with giant prolactinoma (≥4 cm) and identify predictors of therapeutic response. In this retrospective study, complete biochemical and structural response were defined as prolactin (PRL) ≤25 ng/mL and no visible tumor at follow-up, respectively. Giant prolactinoma (median size, 4.

Assessment of pulsatile insulin secretion derived from peripheral plasma C-peptide concentrations by nonparametric stochastic deconvolution.

The characteristics of pulsatile insulin secretion are important determinants of type 2 diabetes pathophysiology, but they are understudied due to the difficulties in measuring pulsatile insulin secretion noninvasively. Deconvolution of either peripheral C-peptide or insulin concentrations offers an appealing alternative to hepatic vein catheterization. However, to do so, there are a series of methodological challenges to overcome.

Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: 272 Patients Over 55 Years.

Context: Malignant pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare and knowledge of the natural history is limited.

Objective: We aimed to describe baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with malignant PHEO and PGL (PPGL) and to identify predictors of shorter survival.

Design: Retrospective review of patients with malignant PPGL evaluated from 1960 to 2016.

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Pathogenesis and management of hypoglycemia.

Glucose is the main substrate utilized by the brain and as such multiple regulatory mechanisms exist to maintain glucose concentrations. When these mechanisms fail or are defective, hypoglycemia ensues. Due to these robust mechanisms, hypoglycemia is uncommon and usually occurs in the setting of the treatment of diabetes using glucose-lowering agents such as sulfonylureas or insulin.