Tangeretin regulates oxidative stress in cutaneous melanoma cells via the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress is a key factor in melanoma progression, making it an important therapeutic target. This study explored the effects of tangeretin, a citrus-derived flavonoid, on human melanoma A375 cells and its underlying mechanisms. A375 cells were treated with tangeretin at various concentrations.

Selective transformation of propargylic ester towards tunable polymerization pathways.

Divergent synthesis of numerous complex molecules has emerged as a promising strategy as it allows the access to structurally distinct products from identical starting materials. However, selective transformation of the same monomer into diverse polymers by modulating the polymerization conditions remains a synthetic challenge. In this work, we report the design of propargylic ester, which can be selectively transformed into polyimidate, polyimine, or polyamidine through distinct polymerization pathways.

Molecular Design of Dimeric Acceptor Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.78% Efficiency and Enhanced Stability.

The development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with high efficiency and stability is highly desirable to facilitate its commercial applications. Although dimeric acceptors with distinctive advantages have been widely studied, high-performance binary OSCs based on such molecules have rarely been achieved. In this work, a new dimeric acceptor (DY-FL) is constructed by simultaneously optimizing the linking sites and units, as well as the building blocks.

Nitrogen metabolism of the highly ureolytic bacterium Proteus penneri S99 isolated from the rumen.

Background: The model rumen-dominant ureolytic bacterium P. penneri S99 exhibits high urease activity. It was cultivated using ammonia, urea, amino acids, or their combination as nitrogen sources.

Discovery of potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable factor XIa inhibitors for anticoagulant therapy.

Factor XIa (FXIa) has emerged as a promising target for novel anticoagulant development since inhibiting it can reduce thrombosis without significant bleeding risks. Despite a few FXIa inhibitors entering clinical trials, none have been approved for the market yet. Here, we present highly selective and orally bioavailable FXIa inhibitors derived from compound 1, 4-(5-chloro-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methoxypyridin-2(1H)-one.

Study on the size and spatial configuration of liquid metal droplets in conductive hydrogels induced by surface acoustic waves.

Conductive hydrogels based on liquid metal microdroplets are widely used as wearable electronic devices. Droplet uniformity affects sensor sensitivity for weak signals, such as heart rate and pulse rate. Surface acoustic waves at micrometer wavelengths allow precise control of a single droplet, and have the potential to make uniformly discrete liquid metal droplets and distribute them in hydrogels.

Digging into the Cause of Abnormal Patellar Kinematics After Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy via a Quantitative Study on In Vivo Soft Tissue Functional Changes.

The biomechanical mechanism of postoperative patellofemoral joint (PFJ) complications after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) has not been investigated. This study was to determine the length changes in the patellar tendon (PT), medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL), medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), and quadriceps moment arm (QMA) during staircase motion before and after OWHTO. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 15 patients' lower extremities were used to reconstruct three-dimensional models, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee and hip joints was used to mark the soft tissue footprints.

Improved image quality and micronodule detection in thyroid spectral computed tomography using modified swimmer's position.

Background: Spectral computed tomography (CT) can be used as a valuable complement to ultrasound (US) in the detection of thyroid nodules. This study sought to investigate the effects of various arm positions during thyroid spectral CT scans in terms of radiation exposure, image quality, and micronodule detection (≤10 mm).

Methods: A total of 180 patients (mean age: 48 years; 136 females) who underwent thyroid spectral CT were assigned to the traditional position (TDN; n=60), swimmer's position (SWIM; n=60), and modified swimmer's position (M-SWIM; n=60) groups.

Dynamics Characteristics of Viscous Oil Droplets Impacting on Inclined Wetted Walls.

Microlubrication technology significantly improves lubrication performance and heat dissipation during metal cutting by spraying atomized oil droplets around the surface of the workpiece to form a uniform lubrication film. Therefore, it is of great significance to thoroughly investigate the effects of the viscosity characteristics of oil droplets and the inclination angle of the wall on the dynamic behavior of oil droplets impacting on the inclined wall. The dynamic process of viscous oil droplets impacting the inclined wetted wall was observed and analyzed through high-speed camera experiments, with the aim of investigating the effects of droplet viscosity, impact velocity, and wall inclination on the morphological characteristics and distribution pattern of the oil droplets.

Anterior Attachments of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: Morphological Characteristics.

Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the most important passive restraint of the medial patella and provides approximately 53% to 80% of medial soft-tissue restraints, although its relationship to the parapatellar structures is still not completely understood.

Methods: Twenty-six formalin-fixed knees (13 for P45 plastination, 10 for dissection, and 3 for histology) were obtained from cadavers donated to the Department of Anatomy at Dalian Medical University. The mean age of the donors was 78.

Low sarcopenia index predicts intra-abdominal infection in patients with abdominal trauma.

Objectives: Prediction of intra-abdominal infection (IAI) in patients with abdominal trauma is crucial, yet reliable predictive indicators are currently lacking. The sarcopenia index (SI) is a readily available indicator of clinical outcomes in several diseases that holds diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive value of SI for IAI in patients with abdominal trauma.

A new analogous organ in bony fishes and amphibians: an anatomical structure related with the cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

The myodural bridge (MDB) was described as a dense fibrous tissue connecting the suboccipital musculature with the spinal dura mater. Now, the concept of the MDB was perceived as an exact anatomical structure likely essential for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The MDB has been shown to be universal across mammals, reptiles, and birds.

The role of milk urea nitrogen in nutritional assessment and its relationship with phenotype of dairy cows: A review.

Urea is a small molecule that can readily cross the blood-milk barrier into milk, leading to a strong correlation between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentrations. Although MUN is a minor component of milk, it is a valuable and cost-effective tool to flag potential nutrition-related problems in dairy herds. Many studies have suggested that intake of dietary protein and energy, as well as their synchronized release in the rumen, are major factors influencing MUN concentration.

Assessing milk urea nitrogen as an indicator of protein nutrition and nitrogen utilization efficiency: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of MUN as a tool for evaluating protein feeding and nitrogen (N) use efficiency in dairy cows. In this study, we selected 48 research papers published between January 2004 and April 2024, focusing on studies involving Holstein dairy cows with detailed dietary descriptions and results, including MUN, milk protein percentage, and yield, and dietary data on CP and NFC. We employed generalized linear fixed or mixed-effects models for data analysis, utilizing forest plots to visualize the estimated effects.

PFDN6 contributes to colorectal cancer progression via transcriptional regulation.

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide. Although there are several treatments for cancer, the therapeutic effect on CRC remains unsatisfactory, and it is imperative to identify new therapeutic targets.

Design: Prefoldin (PFDN) is mainly used in the cytoskeleton assembly during the folding of actin and tubulin monomers.

Effects of Hsa-miR-4741/LILRB2 on Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Their Prognostic Values in Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Background: The incidence of lumbar disk herniation (LDH) is usually caused by lumbar disk degeneration. Surgery is a common treatment strategy for LDH, but it can recur, resulting in recurrent disk herniation (RDH).

Purpose: To explore the predictive value of hsa-miR-4741 and LILRB2 in the prognosis of LDH surgery and the mechanism of nucleus pulposus senescence.

Trends in the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States, 1999-2018.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an escalating public health concern in the United States, linked with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite known risk factors like age, hypertension, and diabetes, comprehensive studies examining temporal trends in CKD prevalence are scarce. This study aims to analyze these trends using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Prevalent and Drug-Resistant Phenotypes and Genotypes of Isolated from Healthy Cow's Milk of Large-Scale Dairy Farms in China.

is a common cause of mastitis in dairy cows, which results in large economic losses to the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of in raw milk in China, assess antimicrobial drug susceptibility, and identify key antibiotic resistance genes carried by the isolates. In total, 350 raw milk samples were collected from large-scale farms in 16 provinces and cities in six regions of China to assess the resistance of .

Tailoring industrial enzymes for thermostability and activity evolution by the machine learning-based iCASE strategy.

The pursuit of obtaining enzymes with high activity and stability remains a grail in enzyme evolution due to the stability-activity trade-off. Here, we develop an isothermal compressibility-assisted dynamic squeezing index perturbation engineering (iCASE) strategy to construct hierarchical modular networks for enzymes of varying complexity. Molecular mechanism analysis elucidates that the peak of adaptive evolution is reached through a structural response mechanism among variants.

Self-Healable, Antimicrobial and Conductive Hydrogels Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonding with Silver Nanoparticles for Flexible Sensor.

Dynamic hydrogels have attracted considerable attention in the application of flexible electronics, as they possess injectable and self-healing abilities. However, it is still a challenge to combine high conductivity and antibacterial properties into dynamic hydrogels. In this work, we fabricated a type of dynamic hydrogel based on acylhydrazone bonds between thermo-responsive copolymer and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with hydrazide groups.

Multicomponent Polymerization toward Poly(BODIPY-sulfonamide)s as Unique SO Generators for Sonodynamic and Gas Combination Therapy.

In this work, a multicomponent polymerization (MCP) approach involving bipyrroles, sulfonyl azides, and diynes was developed to afford a library of poly(bipyrrole-sulfonylimide)s (PPSIs) in high yields and molecular weights, which were further modified to form unique sulfur dioxide (SO) generators. Bipyrroles served as carbon-based nucleophiles to undergo Cu-catalyzed C-C coupling during the MCP. Upon post-MCP modification by transforming the bipyrrole unit to boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and the sulfonylimide moiety to sulfonamide, poly(BODIPY-sulfonamide)s (PBSAs) were obtained as potent anticancer therapeutic agents.

Rational Design Engineering of 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase with Activity and Stability Enhancement.

5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the vital biosynthetic intermediate 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). However, its catalytic efficiency is compromised due to its low activity and poor stability. Here, we obtained the mutant I325M/V390Y/H391I (T6), which exhibited a 7.

Nutrition, production, and processing of virgin omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dairy: An integrative review.

With improving living standards, functional and healthy foods are accounting for an increased share in human food. The development of dairy products that are rich in virgin omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has become a topic of interest. Virgin n-3 PUFA milk can provide high-quality protein and calcium, as well as provide n-3 PUFAs to improve human health.

Incremental prognostic value of pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation beyond conventional features in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease.

Background And Aims: It remains uncertain whether pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCATa) is associated with clinical outcome in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to investigate the incremental prognostic value of PCATa beyond clinical and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) features in patients with nonobstructive CAD.

Methods: Consecutive patients with chest pain suspected of CAD referred for CCTA from January 2017 to December 2018 were prospectively included.