Exercise training alleviates neuronal apoptosis and re-establishes mitochondrial quality control after cerebral ischemia by increasing SIRT3 expression.

Existing evidence indicates that exercise training can enhance neural function by regulating mitochondrial quality control (MQC), which can be impaired by cerebral ischemia, and that sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a protein localized in mitochondria, is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial functions. However, the relationship among exercise training, SIRT3, and MQC after cerebral ischemia remains obscure. This study attempted to elucidate the relationship among exercise training, SIRT3 and MQC after cerebral ischemia in rats.

A modified and weighted Gower distance-based clustering analysis for mixed type data: a simulation and empirical analyses.

Background: Traditional clustering techniques are typically restricted to either continuous or categorical variables. However, most real-world clinical data are mixed type. This study aims to introduce a clustering technique specifically designed for datasets containing both continuous and categorical variables to offer better clustering compatibility, adaptability, and interpretability than other mixed type techniques.

Progress in the study of curcumin metabolism .

Curcumin has diverse biological functions, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but clinical trials have been hindered by its low bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. To achieve therapeutic efficacy, understanding curcumin's metabolism is crucial. We reviewed current research on curcumin metabolism in PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI.

A Supramolecular Deferoxamine-Crisaborole Nanoparticle Targets Ferroptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in the Treatment of Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of vision loss worldwide, with ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation playing key roles in its pathogenesis. Currently, treatments targeting multiple aspects of this condition are limited. This study introduces a supramolecular nanoparticle combining the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor crisaborole and the ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine to address these pathological processes.

Ultrathin Bioelectrode Array with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Electrophysiological Sensing and Modulation.

To achieve high accuracy and effectiveness in sensing and modulating neural activity, efficient charge-transfer biointerfaces and a high spatiotemporal resolution are required. Ultrathin bioelectrode arrays exhibiting mechanical compliance with biological tissues offer such biointerfaces. However, their thinness often leads to a lack of mechano-electrical stability or sufficiently high electrochemical capacitance, thus deteriorating their overall performance.

Qingre Huoxue decoction attenuates myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury by regulating the autophagy‒endoplasmic reticulum stress axis via FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy.

Background: Autophagy‒endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress axis dysregulation is linked to myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury (MIRI), which counteracts the benefits of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) reperfusion therapy. Qingre Huoxue decoction (QRHX) improves the short- and long-term prognosis of AMI after percutaneous coronary intervention and alleviates myocardial injury in AMI rats by stimulating autophagy via the PI3K/Akt pathway. We aimed to further explore the efficacy of QRHX in treating MIRI and its regulatory relationship with FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy.

Advancements and challenges in immunocytokines: A new arsenal against cancer.

Immunocytokines, employing targeted antibodies to concentrate cytokines at tumor sites, have shown potential advantages such as prolonged cytokine half-lives, mitigated adverse effects, and synergistic antitumor efficacy from both antibody and cytokine components. First, we present an in-depth analysis of the advancements of immunocytokines evaluated in preclinical and clinical applications. Notably, anti-PD-1-based immunocytokines can redirect cytokines to intratumoral CD8 T cells and reinvigorate them to elicit robust antitumor immune responses.

An overview of the functions and mechanisms of APOBEC3A in tumorigenesis.

The APOBEC3 (A3) family plays a pivotal role in the immune system by performing DNA/RNA single-strand deamination. Cancers mostly arise from the accumulation of chronic mutations in somatic cells, and recent research has highlighted the A3 family as a major contributor to tumor-associated mutations, with A3A being a key driver gene leading to cancer-related mutations. A3A helps to defend the host against virus-induced tumors by editing the genome of cancer-associated viruses that invade the host.

[F]AlF-NOTA-pentixather PET/CT of CXCR4 in patients with suspected primary hyperaldosteronism.

Distinguishing unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) from idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), nonfunctional adrenal adenoma (NFA), and pheochromocytoma (PHEO) within primary aldosteronism (PA) presents a significant challenge. Studies have demonstrated high levels of chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 expression in APA, thereby validating the use of Ga-labeled CXCR4 PET/CT for detecting APA. This study evaluates the efficacy of [F]AlF-NOTA-pentixather PET/CT in distinguishing APA from other PA types.

The segmented flavivirus Alongshan virus reduces mitochondrial mass by degrading STAT2 to suppress the innate immune response.

Alongshan virus (ALSV) is a newly discovered pathogen in the family, characterized by a unique multi-segmented genome that is distantly related to the canonical flaviviruses. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism of this emerging segmented flavivirus is crucial for the development of effective intervention strategies. In this study, we demonstrate that ALSV can infect various mammalian cells and induce the expression of antiviral genes.

Increased Toxicity toward Mammalian Cells in the Periodate Oxidation Process of Wastewater: The Overlooked Formation of Noniodinated but Nitrogenous Byproducts.

Periodate (PI) shows promising potential as an oxidant for wastewater treatment; however, its impact on the toxicity of wastewater remains unknown. Here, we found that with 100 μM PI addition, the cytotoxicity of wastewater increased from 4.8 to 7.

[ protein design in the age of artificial intelligence].

Proteins with specific functions and characteristics play a crucial role in biomedicine and nanotechnology. protein design enables the customization of sequences to produce proteins with desired structures that do not exist in the nature. In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning-based generative models have increasingly become powerful tools, enabling the design of functional proteins with atomic-level precision.

FAIM: Fairness-aware interpretable modeling for trustworthy machine learning in healthcare.

The escalating integration of machine learning in high-stakes fields such as healthcare raises substantial concerns about model fairness. We propose an interpretable framework, fairness-aware interpretable modeling (FAIM), to improve model fairness without compromising performance, featuring an interactive interface to identify a "fairer" model from a set of high-performing models and promoting the integration of data-driven evidence and clinical expertise to enhance contextualized fairness. We demonstrate FAIM's value in reducing intersectional biases arising from race and sex by predicting hospital admission with two real-world databases, the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Emergency Department (MIMIC-IV-ED) and the database collected from Singapore General Hospital Emergency Department (SGH-ED).

Serpin B9 is Highly Expressed in Lung Adenocarcinoma and is Associated with Progression-Free Survival.

Background: Serpin B9 is highly expressed in breast cancer, melanoma, and various malignant cells and inhibits NK cell killing through the Serpin B9-GrB axle. However, the current studies have only validated the role of Serpin B9 in vivo and vitro, and lack of systematic studies on the expression of Serpin B9 in patients' tumor tissues and its prognostic implications. In this study, we propose to further validate the role of Serpin B9 by comparing its expression level in tissues of lung adenocarcinoma patients and its correlation with the efficacy of immunotherapy.