Publications by authors named "Nan Ji"

Objective: The current landscape is characterized by a dearth of effective, safe, simple, and noninvasive methods for preventing pain following craniotomy. This clinical trial seeks to evaluate the efficacy profile of preemptive application of a topical 5% lidocaine patch in alleviating post-craniotomy pain.

Methods: This was a multi-centric, prospective randomized placebo-controlled triple-blind clinical trial.

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  • Accurate localization of brain motor areas is crucial for safeguarding motor function during neurosurgery, and this study evaluates the use of OPM-MEG technology for this purpose in patients with brain tumors and healthy individuals.
  • The study involved comparing OPM-MEG and 3T-fMRI in localizing primary motor areas, validating results through intraoperative electrical stimulation.
  • Results showed that both techniques successfully mapped motor areas, with OPM-MEG providing more centralized activation signals, suggesting its potential as a reliable tool in neurosurgical procedures and research.
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Introduction: Neurosurgery is a risk factor for postoperative delirium. Dexmedetomidine has a potential effect on reducing postoperative delirium. We aim to test the primary hypothesis that perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing neurosurgical resections of temporal glioma.

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Computer-aided segmentation of medical ultrasound images assists in medical diagnosis, promoting accuracy and reducing the burden of sonographers. However, the existing ultrasonic intelligent segmentation models are mainly based on B-mode grayscale images, which lack sufficient clarity and contrast compared to natural images. Previous research has indicated that ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) signals contain rich spectral information that could be beneficial for tissue recognition but is lost in grayscale images.

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Objective: To investigate the expression features of common anti-glioma CAR-T targets (B7H3, CSPG4, EGFRv III, HER2 and IL-13Ra2) in gliomas with different grades and molecular subtypes, and explore the association of target expression with glioma malignant or immune phenotypes including immune evasion, stemness, antigen presentation, and tumor angiogenesis.

Methods: Opal™ Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was performed on glioma tissues to detect the expression of targets, and biomarkers related to the phenotypes.

Results: High variety of CAR-T target expression among glioma subtypes was observed.

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Background: Reliable quantification of the association between hypertension requiring medication and postoperative 30-day mortality in adult patients who undergo craniotomy for tumor resection is limited. We aimed to explore the associations between these factors.

Materials And Methods: This work was a retrospective cohort study that used propensity score matching (PSM) among 18,642 participants from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2012 and 2015.

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  • Scientists are trying to understand how certain factors might affect the health of mothers and babies, especially when it comes to birth weight.
  • They studied data from over 28,000 mother-baby pairs to see how being exposed to certain environmental factors could impact birth weight and the chances of low birth weight.
  • They found that small changes in exposure have a bigger effect on vulnerable groups, showing that these groups face more health challenges than others.
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  • IRAK4 is a key player in IL-1R and TLR signaling, making it a target for treating autoimmune diseases.
  • Researchers developed KT-474, a powerful and selective IRAK4 degrader that can be taken orally, marking it as the first of its kind tested outside of cancer treatment.
  • KT-474 has completed phase I trials in healthy individuals and patients with skin conditions, and has advanced to phase II trials for further evaluation.
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Early ultrasound screening for breast cancer reduces mortality significantly. The main evaluation criterion for breast ultrasound screening is the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), which categorizes breast lesions into categories 0-6 based on ultrasound grayscale images. Due to the limitations of ultrasound grayscale imaging, lesions with categories 4 and 5 necessitate additional biopsy for the confirmation of benign or malignant status.

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Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT) is recommended for malignant meningioma, but poor outcome is unavoidable. To improve the efficacy of RT in malignant meningioma, a targeted radiosensitizer can be added. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), highly expressed in high-grade meningiomas, may play a role in determining the radioresponse.

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Traditional brightness-mode ultrasound imaging is primarily constrained by the low specificity among tissues and the inconsistency among sonographers. The major cause is the imaging method that represents the amplitude of echoes as brightness and ignores other detailed information, leaving sonographers to interpret based on organ contours that depend highly on specific imaging planes. Other ultrasound imaging modalities, color Doppler imaging or shear wave elastography, overlay motion or stiffness information to brightness-mode images.

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  • * Researchers have developed KT-413, a novel dual-function molecule that effectively degrades IRAK4 and key transcription factors, Ikaros and Aiolos, to combat this subtype of lymphoma.
  • * KT-413 has shown promising results in preclinical studies, leading to the initiation of a phase 1 clinical trial targeting B-cell lymphomas, particularly those with MYD88 mutations.
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Molecular genetics is highly related with prognosis of high-grade glioma. Accordingly, the latest WHO guideline recommends that molecular subgroups of the genes, including IDH, 1p/19q, MGMT, TERT, EGFR, Chromosome 7/10, CDKN2A/B, need to be detected to better classify glioma and guide surgery and treatment. Unfortunately, there is no preoperative or intraoperative technology available for accurate and comprehensive molecular subgrouping of glioma.

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Purpose: Recent studies revealed a pro-tumor effect of constitutive Type-1 interferons (IFN-I) production and the downstream signaling activity in several malignancies. In contrast, heterogeneity and clinical significance of the signaling activity in gliomas remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to depict the heterogeneity and clinical significance of constitutive Type-1 interferon (IFN-I) production and the downstream signaling activity in gliomas.

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  • * Using a technique called PACTS-assisted thermal proteome profiling (TPP), researchers identified 115 proteins that interact with Aβ1-42 in human brain tissue, highlighting their involvement in neurodegenerative disorders.
  • * The findings revealed a specific interaction between Aβ1-42 and the protein MAPK3, indicating a potential role for Aβ1-42 in disrupting the MAPK signaling pathway, which could contribute to the understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.
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Past studies support the hypothesis that the prenatal period influences childhood growth. However, few studies explore the joint effects of exposures that occur simultaneously during pregnancy. To explore the feasibility of using mixtures methods with neighborhood-level environmental exposures, we assessed the effects of multiple prenatal exposures on body mass index (BMI) from birth to age 24 months.

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Background: The prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in primary WHO grade 4 gliomas is not widely acknowledged. This study aims to assess the survival outcomes of patients with different BMIs.

Methods: Real-world data of patients diagnosed with primary WHO grade 4 (2021 version) glioma was assessed.

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  • The study looked at how a substance called mogrol affects the treatment of a type of lung cancer called non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when combined with radiation therapy.
  • Researchers found that mogrol helps make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation, which means the radiation can kill more cancer cells.
  • They discovered that mogrol works by reducing the levels of a protein called USP22, which is linked to cancer growth, by using specific pathways in the cells.
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Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and there is limited research on its tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, more and more studies have evidence that TME has essential effects on tumor cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. Thus, it is critical to elucidate the role of TME in PCNSL.

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Background: Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with individual inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and neonates. However, studies of air pollution and a comprehensive panel of biomarkers across maternal and cord blood samples remain limited. Few studies used data-driven methods to identify biomarker groupings that converge biomarkers from multiple biological pathways.

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  • Researchers are trying to find better tests to identify a specific mutation (IDH) in brain tumors before surgery, since current tests are not very reliable.
  • They combined special imaging techniques to look at changes in the tumor's metabolism and blood flow caused by the mutation, comparing two groups of patients with different IDH statuses.
  • Results showed that using a combination of these imaging techniques was very effective in predicting the mutation status, offering a much better diagnostic performance than any individual test alone.
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This study aimed to explore behavior analysis and risk identification for stroke patients under medical technology intelligentization, to establish a design and implementation of risk control and post-event recovery. A total of 80 stroke patients from 2019 to 2021 were selected using service design thinking combined with patient behavior as the guiding principle. The study used smart device monitoring modules and balance monitoring applications to monitor the daily behavior and post-event behavior of stroke patients and used intelligent recognition and analysis of risk behavior to develop interventions for post-event recovery services.

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  • A study aimed to identify clusters of chronic obesity-related, neurodevelopmental, and respiratory issues in children, examining how these clusters relate to chemical exposure.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 1092 children collected between 2011 and 2022 across three pregnancy cohorts and identified three distinct health outcome clusters based on k-means clustering.
  • A significant association was found between exposure to certain phthalates and membership in a cluster with high rates of asthma and other respiratory problems, suggesting shared underlying causes for these health outcomes.
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