PhieDBEs: a DBD-containing, PAM-flexible, high-efficiency dual base editor toolbox with wide targeting scope for use in plants.

Dual base editors (DBEs) enable simultaneous A-to-G and C-to-T conversions, expanding mutation types. However, low editing efficiency and narrow targeting range limit the widespread use of DBEs in plants. The single-strand DNA binding domain of RAD51 DBD can be fused to base editors to improve their editing efficiency.

The type V effectors for CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering in plants.

A plethora of CRISPR effectors, such as Cas3, Cas9, and Cas12a, are commonly employed as gene editing tools. Among these, Cas12 effectors developed based on Class II type V proteins exhibit distinct characteristics compared to Class II type VI and type II effectors, such as their ability to generate non-allelic DNA double-strand breaks, their compact structures, and the presence of a single RuvC-like nuclease domain. Capitalizing on these advantages, Cas12 family proteins have been increasingly explored and utilized in recent years.

Genome editing for plant synthetic metabolic engineering and developmental regulation.

Plant metabolism and development are a reflection of the orderly expression of genetic information intertwined with the environment interactions. Genome editing is the cornerstone for scientists to modify endogenous genes or introduce exogenous functional genes and metabolic pathways, holding immense potential applications in molecular breeding and biosynthesis. Over the course of nearly a decade of development, genome editing has advanced significantly beyond the simple cutting of double-stranded DNA, now enabling precise base and fragment replacements, regulation of gene expression and translation, as well as epigenetic modifications.

Full-Length Transcriptome Characterization and Functional Analysis of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in Oriental Hybrid 'Sorbonne' Infected with .

Gray mold () causes a deleterious fungal disease that decreases the ornamental value and yield of lilies. oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne' is a variety that is resistant to gray mold. Understanding the mechanism of resistance against infection in 'Sorbonne' can provide a basis for the genetic improvement in lily plants.

Exploring C-to-G and A-to-Y Base Editing in Rice by Using New Vector Tools.

CRISPR/Cas9-based cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base editors (ABEs) can efficiently mediate C-to-T/G-to-A and A-to-G/T-to-C substitutions, respectively; however, achieving base transversions (C-to-G/C-to-A and A-to-T/A-to-C) is challenging and has been rarely studied in plants. Here, we constructed new plant C-to-G base editors (CGBEs) and new A-to-Y (T/C) base editors and explored their base editing characteristics in rice. First, we fused the highly active cytidine deaminase evoFENRY and the PAM-relaxed Cas9-nickase variant Cas9n-NG with rice and human uracil DNA N-glycosylase (rUNG and hUNG), respectively, to construct CGBE-rUNG and CGBE-hUNG vector tools.

Electrochemical Performance of Carbon-Rich Silicon Carbonitride Ceramic as Support for Sulfur Cathode in Lithium Sulfur Battery.

As a promising matrix material for anchoring sulfur in the cathode for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, porous conducting supports have gained much attention. In this work, sulfur-containing C-rich SiCN composites are processed from silicon carbonitride (SiCN) ceramics, synthesized at temperatures from 800 to 1100 °C. To embed sulfur in the porous SiCN matrix, an easy and scalable procedure, denoted as melting-diffusion method, is applied.

Metabolic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Leaves Infected With Reveals Different Stages of Plant Defense Mechanisms.

, the causal agent of gray mold disease, poses a major threat to commercial production, limiting its ornamental value and yield. The molecular and metabolic regulation mechanisms of 's defense response to infection have not been completely elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of resistant oriental hybrid "Sorbonne" to understand the molecular basis of gray mold disease resistance in gray mold disease.

Prediction of temperature tolerance in based on distribution and climate data.

There are plenty publications providing guidance for resistant taxa selection by experimental researches while the number of experimental taxa is often restricted. In this study, we presented a concise method to predict the temperature tolerance of wild in China based on open access botanical and associated environmental datasets. We divided all taxa into five groups to present an overview of 's adaptability to temperature stress.

Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of LPCVD/CVI-SiBCN Ceramics Annealed at Different Temperatures.

SiBCN ceramics were introduced into porous Si₃N₄ ceramics via a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and infiltration (LPCVD/CVI) technique, and then the composite ceramics were heat-treated from 1400 °C to 1700 °C in a N₂ atmosphere. The effects of annealing temperatures on microstructure, phase evolution, dielectric properties of SiBCN ceramics were investigated. The results revealed that α-Si₃N₄ and free carbon were separated below 1700 °C, and then SiC grains formed in the SiBCN ceramic matrix after annealing at 1700 °C through a phase-reaction between free carbon and α-Si₃N₄.

Structural basis for the Smad5 MH1 domain to recognize different DNA sequences.

Smad proteins are important intracellular mediators of TGF-β signalling, which transmit signals directly from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. The MH1 domain of Smad plays a key role in DNA recognition. Two types of DNA sequence were identified as Smad binding motifs: the Smad binding element (SBE) and the GC-rich sequence.

The covalent modifier Nedd8 is critical for the activation of Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase in tumorigenesis.

Neddylation, the covalent attachment of ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8, of the Cullin-RING E3 ligase family regulates their ubiquitylation activity. However, regulation of HECT ligases by neddylation has not been reported to date. Here we show that the C2-WW-HECT ligase Smurf1 is activated by neddylation.

Permeabilization of Microbacterium oxylans shifts the conversion of puerarin from puerarin-7-O-glucoside to puerarin-7-O-fructoside.

The main product of the conversion of puerarin by unpermeabilized cells of bacterium Microbacterium oxydans CGMCC 1788 was puerarin-7-O-glucoside (241 +/- 31.9 microM). Permeabilization with 40% ethanol could not increase conversion yield, whereas it resulted in change of main product; a previous trace product became a main product (213 +/- 48.

Preparation of a super-long two column chromatography system and its application in separating glycosylated puerarin.

Separation of Puerarin-7-O-glucoside from its precursor, puerarin, using a common chromatography column packed with AB-8 macroporous resin was unsuccessful. Therefore, in this study a 8 m super-long flexible reinforced PVC column was externally added to the common column in order to improve the chromatography efficiency by increasing the number of theoretical plates. Both the PVC and common columns were separately packed with AB-8 macroporous resin slurry.