Heteroresistance of in the Sputum Detected by Droplet Digital PCR.

Heteroresistance in MTB refers to the presence of distinct subpopulations of bacteria with varying levels of antibiotic susceptibility within a population. Multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB are serious global health concerns. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of heteroresistance in MTB from sputum samples of new TB cases using Droplet Digital PCR mutation detection assays for and genes, which are commonly associated with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively.

Relationship between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and the Risk of Esophageal Cancer in Thailand.

Objective: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of mortality. Epidemiological and molecular studies have provided evidence that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an important cause of gastric carcinogenesis and thus, may be related to EC.

Detection of Complex in Sputum Samples Using Droplet Digital PCR Targeting .

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. It is challenging to find methods of diagnosis of active pulmonary TB that are sensitive enough to detect cases for proper treatment before unintentional transmission. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a highly sensitive method to detect genetic material of pathogens, but it has rarely been used for diagnosis of TB.

Whole-Genome Sequencing and Drug-Susceptibility Analysis of Serial Isolates from Thai Patients.

Mycobacterium abscessus is an important pathogen that can cause serious human diseases and is difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. In this study, we analyzed, using whole-genome sequence (WGS) data, M. abscessus strains serially isolated from patients at various time intervals.

The relationship between P16 and TP53 promoter methylation and the risk and prognosis in patients with oesophageal cancer in Thailand.

DNA methylation can regulate the expression of tumour suppressor genes P16 and TP53, environmental factors, which are both important factors related to an increased risk and prognosis of oesophageal cancer (EC). However, the association between these two genes methylation status, as well as the effects of gene-environment interactions, EC risk remains unclear. A Hospital-based case-control study data were collected from 105 new EC cases and 108 controls.

High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of complex in Northeast Thailand.

The complex (MAC) includes two main species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and These can cause serious disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Little information is available concerning genetic diversity of NTM. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on a highly discriminative gene set to analyze MAC serially isolated from patients to determine the rate of MAC reinfection.

Novel mutations detected from drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from North East of Thailand.

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global public health threat. Thailand is one of the top 14 countries with high tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis rates. Immediate detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis is necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity by effectively providing treatment to ameliorate the formation of resistant strains.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis to Identify Infection with Multiple Species of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

Mixed infection with multiple species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is difficult to identify and to treat. Current conventional molecular-based methods for identifying mixed infections are limited due to low specificity. Here, we evaluated the utility of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis to detect and identify mixed NTM infections.

Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in Thailand.

Background: Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand.

Proteomic analysis of drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant nonreplicating Beijing strains of cultured .

The existence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is one of the main obstacles hindering eradication of tuberculosis (TB). To better understand molecular mechanisms and explore biomarkers for the pathogen during LTBI, we cultured strains of () under stress conditions, mimicking those in the host granuloma intracellular environment, to induce entry into the non-replicating persistence stage. The stresses included hypoxia, low pH (5.

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar.

Introduction: MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping are the useful molecular tools for TB epidemiology study. Information regarding genetic diversity and tuberculosis (TB) transmission in Upper Myanmar only is scares.

Methodology: We determined the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TB transmission from Upper Myanmar TB Reference Laboratory, Mandalay Region, including Mandalay (72), Shan (22), Magway (15), Sagaing (13), Nay Pyi Taw (8), Kachin (7), Chin (2) and Kayah (1).

Comparison of different hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA for taxonomic profiling of vaginal microbiota using next-generation sequencing.

The exploration of vaginal microbiota by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene is widely used. Up to now, different hypervariable regions have been selected to study vaginal microbiota by NGS and there is no standard method for analysis. The study aimed to characterize vaginal microbiota from clinical samples using NGS targeting the 16S rRNA gene and to determine the performance of individual and concatenated hypervariable region sequences to generate the taxonomic profiles of the vaginal microbiota.

24-locus MIRU-VNTR and Spoligotyping analysis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from Northeastern Thailand.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, remains a global health problem with increased concerns due to drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, molecular genotyping profiles may give insight of the transmission of TB in a particular region. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of drug-resistant MTB and evaluate primer sets applied for the epidemiological study of circulating MTB in Northeastern Thailand.

Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum 47-7, a Good Probiotic Strain Isolated from a Healthy Thai Infant.

We report the genome sequence of 47-7, a good probiotic strain isolated from an infant. Its genome size is 1.83 Mb, it is assembled from 180 contigs, and it consists of 1,636 protein-coding genes, 15 rRNAs, 57 tRNAs, and 4 noncoding RNAs.

Differentiation between persistent infection/colonization and re-infection/re-colonization of Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from patients in Northeast Thailand.

Mycobacterium abscessus can cause true infection or be present in the host as a harmless colonist. The ability of M. abscessus to cause disease and develop drug resistance is known to have a genetic basis.

Characterization of vaginal microbiota in Thai women.

Background: The vaginal microbiota (VMB) plays a key role in women's reproductive health. VMB composition varies with ethnicity, making it necessary to characterize the VMB of the target population before interventions to maintain and/or improve the vaginal health are undertaken. Information on the VMB of Thai women is currently unavailable.

Analysis of drug-susceptibility patterns and gene sequences associated with clarithromycin and amikacin resistance in serial Mycobacterium abscessus isolates from clinical specimens from Northeast Thailand.

Mycobacterium abscessus is an important infectious agent highly associated with drug resistance and treatment failure. We investigated the drug resistance situation of M. abscessus in Northeast Thailand and the possible genetic basis for this.

Detection and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori in saliva versus stool samples from asymptomatic individuals in Northeastern Thailand reveals intra-host tissue-specific H. pylori subtypes.

Background: Two-thirds of the world's population is thought to be infected by Helicobacter pylori. Although most people infected with H. pylori are asymptomatic, this pathogen is associated with several gastric pathologies including cancer.

Chemokines additional to IFN-γ can be used to differentiate among Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection possibilities and provide evidence of an early clearance phenotype.

Current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) remain limited in their ability to discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Early clearance (EC) of TB by individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a debated phenomenon for which evidence is lacking. We measured and compared secreted chemokines in the plasma fraction from 48 ATB, 38 LTBI, 162 presumed EC and 39 healthy controls (HC) using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay.

DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES IN SALIVA SAMPLES OF ASYMPTOMATIC PERSONS IN NORTHEAST THAILAND.

The aims of the study were to develop nested-PCR (targeting vacA and cagA), SYBR green quantitative PCR (targeting 16S rDNA) tests and compared them with indirect fluorescent-monoclonal antibody (IFA) method for determination of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in 118 saliva samples from asymptomatic individuals in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Detection limit of both PCR-based assays was one cell. Prevalence of H.

Genetic polymorphisms of CCL2 associated with susceptibility to latent tuberculous infection in Thailand.

Background: The extent to which individuals exhibit genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) is still unclear. Genetic variations in chemokine genes might influence the early clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting TB susceptibility.

Objectives: To study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of chemokine genes CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, and their association with TB susceptibility.

PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXINS, TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-1 AND OF METHICILLIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM RETAIL READY-TO-EAT FOODS IN NORTHEASTERN THAILAND.

Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods is a leading cause of foodborne illness in Thailand. From 151 RTE food samples randomly collected from food vendors and food shops in Khon Kaen municipality, Thailand and after culture-based identification of S. aureus isolates, pentaplex PCR was used for simultaneous detection of super-antigenic toxin (SE) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed and tst-1) and presence of their toxins by reversed passive latex agglutination assay.

DOUBLE-STEP MULTIPLEX REAL TIME PCR WITH MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS FOR DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MYCOBACTERIA IN SPUTUM.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a causative agent of tuberculosis, a worldwide public health problem. In recent years, the incidence of human mycobacterial infection due to species other than M.

Comparative Proteomics of Activated THP-1 Cells Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Identifies Putative Clearance Biomarkers for Tuberculosis Treatment.

Biomarkers for determining clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection during anti-tuberculosis therapy or following exposure could facilitate enhanced monitoring and treatment. We screened for biomarkers indicating clearance of Mtb infection in vitro. A comparative proteomic analysis was performed using GeLC MSI/MS.

Development and application of single-tube multiplex real-time PCR for lineage classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on large sequence polymorphism in Northeast Thailand.

An appreciation of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is needed for effective planning of strategies in tuberculosis (TB) control. Large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs) are the molecular epidemiological and evolutionary markers for classification of Mtb into East Asian (EA) or Beijing, Indo-Oceanic (IO), Euro-American (EuA) and East African-Indian (EAI) lineages. We aimed to develop a single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay using melting curve analysis for lineage classification of Mtb based on LSPs.