The Effect of Cannabidiol on Subjective Responses to Endurance Exercise: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Exercise is known to improve health. However, it can be unpleasant, often inducing negative feelings, or 'affect'. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating constituent of the cannabis plant, has been reported to enhance the subjective experience of exercise; specifically, in trained individuals performing fixed-intensity endurance activity.

Effects of cannabidiol on psychosocial stress, situational anxiety and nausea in a virtual reality environment: a protocol for a single-centre randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: The non-intoxicating plant-derived cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), has demonstrated therapeutic potential in a number of clinical conditions. Most successful clinical trials have used relatively high (≥300 mg) oral doses of CBD. Relatively few studies have investigated the efficacy of lower (<300 mg) oral doses, typical of those available in over-the-counter CBD products.

Adrenal insufficiency in hemodialysis patients-An under-recognized problem: A case series.

Adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon disorder and presents with non-specific symptoms. Identifying adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is increasingly difficult as there is a significant overlap of the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with those seen in chronic kidney failure. We highlight this diagnostic uncertainty in a case series of three patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy from a single center identified as hypoadrenal.

A case of adrenal cortical carcinoma arising from a regularly monitored sub-centimetre adrenal incidentaloma.

Summary: Approximately 80% of adrenal incidentalomas are benign, and development into adrenal cortical cancer is extremely rare. This is a major reason behind clinical guidelines recommending surveillance of incidentalomas for a relatively short duration of up to 5 years. Surveillance of lesions less than 1 cm is not routinely recommended.

Effects of Cannabidiol on Exercise Physiology and Bioenergetics: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects that have the potential to benefit athletes. This pilot study investigated the effects of acute, oral CBD treatment on physiological and psychological responses to aerobic exercise to determine its practical utility within the sporting context.

Methods: On two occasions, nine endurance-trained males (mean ± SD V̇O: 57.

Utilisation of the 2019 IWGDF diabetic foot infection guidelines to benchmark practice and improve the delivery of care in persons with diabetic foot infections.

Aims: To utilise the 2019 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) - diabetic foot infection (DFI) guidelines as an audit tool for clinical practice in patients with diabetes attending a High-Risk Foot Service.

Methods: Data from 93 consecutive patients were collected over a 19-month period in patients attending a High-Risk Foot Service. The diagnosis and management of each patient in the sample were compared against the 2019 IWGDF DFI guidelines, grouped into four categories: Diagnosis, Microbiology, Treatment of soft tissue infection, and Surgical treatment and osteomyelitis.

Effects of α-Cyclodextrin on Cholesterol Control and Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract on Glycemic Control in People With Prediabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes are needed. Many people turn to complementary medicines, but there is little well-conducted scientific evidence to support their use.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control and that of hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity.

Effect of a high-egg diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes and Egg (DIABEGG) Study-randomized weight-loss and follow-up phase.

Background: Some country guidelines recommend that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) limit their consumption of eggs and cholesterol. Our previously published 3-mo weight-maintenance study showed that a high-egg (≥12 eggs/wk) diet compared with a low-egg diet (<2 eggs/wk) did not have adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with T2D.

Objective: The current study follows the previously published 3-mo weight-maintenance study and assessed the effects of the high-egg compared with the low-egg diets as part of a 3-mo weight-loss period, followed by a 6-mo follow-up period for a total duration of 12 mo.

Raised FGF-21 and Triglycerides Accompany Increased Energy Intake Driven by Protein Leverage in Lean, Healthy Individuals: A Randomised Trial.

Unlabelled: A dominant appetite for protein drives increased energy intake in humans when the proportion of protein in the diet is reduced down to approximately 10% of total energy. Compensatory feeding for protein is apparent over a 1–2 d period but the mechanisms driving this regulation are not fully understood. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been identified as a candidate protein signal as levels increase in the circulation when dietary protein is low.

Outcomes and cost minimisation associated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for foot infections in people with diabetes.

Objective: To determine clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot infections receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), to evaluate cost savings from the use of OPAT and to analyse demographic, clinical and laboratory data that may predict OPAT failure.

Research Design And Methodology: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted between 1 January 2007 and 7 July 2012 at a tertiary referral hospital in metropolitan Sydney. Patients with diabetic foot infection were identified from the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy database.

The effect of a high-egg diet on cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes and Egg (DIABEGG) study-a 3-mo randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previously published research that examined the effects of high egg consumption in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) produced conflicting results leading to recommendations to limit egg intake. However, people with T2D may benefit from egg consumption because eggs are a nutritious and convenient way of improving protein and micronutrient contents of the diet, which have importance for satiety and weight management.

Objective: In this randomized controlled study, we aimed to determine whether a high-egg diet (2 eggs/d for 6 d/wk) compared with a low-egg diet (<2 eggs/wk) affected circulating lipid profiles, in particular high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, in overweight or obese people with prediabetes or T2D.

Update on the inaugural Sydney Diabetic Foot Conference 2013.

The first International Diabetic Foot Conference in Australia was hosted at Liverpool Hospital in Sydney during May 30-31, 2013. In response to the growing diabetes epidemic globally and more locally to Australia, the conference provided the perfect bridge for interaction between the multidisciplinary team members involved in diabetes care and the opportunity to assimilate the most up-to-date evidence-based medicine from some of the most respected researchers in the field.

An intragastric balloon in the treatment of obese individuals with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: There are limited controlled data for intragastric balloons (IGB) in obesity treatment. This randomized, controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an IGB in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Design And Methods: Sixty-six adults (BMI: 30-40 kg/m(2)) were randomized to IGB for 6 months, with a 12 month behavioral modification (IGB Group; "IGBG"), or 12 month behavioral modification alone (Control Group; "CG").

A 12-month, randomised, controlled trial to examine the efficacy of the Korean diet in an Australian overweight and obese population - A follow up analysis.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is remarkably low in South Korea in comparison to other countries of similar economic development, which may be in part due to traditional diet. Previously we demonstrated that such a traditional Korean diet (KD) resulted in similar weight loss to a Western diet (WD) in an Australian population despite a higher energy intake by the KD group. However, food acceptability scores significantly favoured the WD, suggesting that the KD was less enjoyable to this Western population.

A 12-week, randomised, controlled trial to examine the acceptability of the Korean diet and its effectiveness on weight and metabolic parameters in an Australian overweight and obese population.

Background: South Korea has a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to Western countries. This may be due to differences between the traditional Korean diet (KD) and western diet (WD).

Objective: Our study investigated whether a Western population would accept a KD, compared to a WD, in a weight loss oriented lifestyle program.

Testing protein leverage in lean humans: a randomised controlled experimental study.

A significant contributor to the rising rates of human obesity is an increase in energy intake. The 'protein leverage hypothesis' proposes that a dominant appetite for protein in conjunction with a decline in the ratio of protein to fat and carbohydrate in the diet drives excess energy intake and could therefore promote the development of obesity. Our aim was to test the 'protein leverage hypothesis' in lean humans by disguising the macronutrient composition of foods offered to subjects under ad libitum feeding conditions.

Primary care referral to a commercial provider for weight loss treatment versus standard care: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity needs effective approaches for weight loss in primary care and community settings. We compared weight loss with standard treatment in primary care with that achieved after referral by the primary care team to a commercial provider in the community.

Methods: In this parallel group, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 772 overweight and obese adults were recruited by primary care practices in Australia, Germany, and the UK.