New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus With Diffuse Cerebral Restricted Diffusion in Young Children: A Novel Clinical-Radiologic Presentation.

Background: New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a clinical presentation characterized by explosive-onset refractory status epilepticus (RSE) without evident etiology or active epilepsy, often leading to devastating epilepsy. There is heterogeneity in neuroradiographic findings for NORSE. We encountered a series of young patients with NORSE who had diffuse cerebral restriction in diffusion (DCRD) with similar radiographic appearances as acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion/acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (AESD/ALERD).

Differentiating rhythmic high-amplitude delta with superimposed (poly) spikes from extreme delta brushes: limitations of standardized nomenclature and implications for patient management.

Background: Following the standardized nomenclature proposed by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), rhythmic high-amplitude delta activity with superimposed spikes (RHADS) can be reported as an extreme delta brush (EDB). The clinical implications of similar electrographic patterns being reported as RHADS versus EDB are important to highlight. We aim to review the electrographic characteristics of RHADS, evaluate whether RHADS is seen in other neurological disorders, and identify the similar and unique characteristics between RHADS and EDB to ultimately determine the most accurate way to differentiate and report these patterns.

Clinical Reasoning: A 17-Year-Old Adolescent Boy With New Altered Mental Status in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

We present the case of a 17-year-old adolescent boy admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with an extensive necrotizing soft tissue infection who subsequently developed altered mental status and autonomic instability. Altered mental status is a common occurrence in critically ill children with a broad differential of etiologies. After ruling out organic causes of encephalopathy, management is typically focused on avoiding deliriogenic agents, including benzodiazepines.

Establishing normal Lindegaard Ratio in healthy children 10-16 years of age.

Purpose: Transcranial doppler based diagnostic criteria for cerebral vasospasm are not well established in the pediatric population because there is no published normative data to support the diagnosis. Studies have relied on expert consensus, but the definitions have not been validated in children diagnosed with angiographic evidence of vasospasm. Obtaining normative data is a prerequisite to defining pediatric cerebral vasospasm and the Lindegaard Ratio (LR).

Accuracy of Early Neuroprognostication in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Children with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) are at risk for neurological sequelae impacting function. Clinicians are tasked with neuroprognostication to assist in decision-making. We describe a single-center study assessing clinicians' neuroprognostication accuracy.

Physiological Role of a Multigrain Diet in Metabolic Regulations of Lipid and Antioxidant Profiles in Hypercholesteremic Rats: Multigrain diet in hyperlipemia.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the lipid and the antioxidant regulatory potential of a multigrain diet in laboratory animals with reference to lipid profiles, tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status.

Methods: Two types of diets, with or without addition of cholesterol, were used in the study - a commercial diet and a formulated multigrain diet (with Sorghum vulgare, Avena sativa, Pennisetum typhoideum, Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana and Zea mays grains). After a 10-week period of feeding the diets to albino rats the plasma, liver and fecal lipid profiles and the hepatic and renal antioxidant status of the animals that were fed the commercial and the formulated diets (with and without cholesterol addition) were assessed.