Sestrin2 Regulates Osteoclastogenesis via the p62-TRAF6 Interaction.

The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) mediates osteoclast differentiation and functions by inducing Ca oscillations, activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells type c1 (NFATc1) via the RANK and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) interaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also plays an important role during osteoclastogenesis and Sestrin2, an antioxidant, maintains cellular homeostasis upon stress injury via regulation of ROS, autophagy, and inflammation. However, the role of Sestrin2 in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown.

The Role of Ca-NFATc1 Signaling and Its Modulation on Osteoclastogenesis.

The increasing of intracellular calcium concentration is a fundamental process for mediating osteoclastogenesis, which is involved in osteoclastic bone resorption. Cytosolic calcium binds to calmodulin and subsequently activates calcineurin, leading to NFATc1 activation, a master transcription factor required for osteoclast differentiation. Targeting the various activation processes in osteoclastogenesis provides various therapeutic strategies for bone loss.

Humanin suppresses receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation AMP-activated protein kinase activation.

Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial peptide that exhibits cytoprotective actions against various stresses and diseases. HN has been shown to induce the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a negative regulator of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). However, the role of HN in osteoclastogenesis or other skeletal disorders remains unknown.

Ca Influx Channel Inhibitor SARAF Protects Mice From Acute Pancreatitis.

Background & Aims: Pancreatitis is characterized by increased influx of Ca into acinar cells, by unknown mechanisms. Inhibitors of Ca influx channels could be effective in treating acute pancreatitis, but these have deleterious side effects that can result in death. We investigated the expression patterns and functions of acinar cell Ca channels and factors that regulate them during development of acute pancreatitis, along with changes in the channel inactivator store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor (SARAF).

Homer2 and Homer3 modulate RANKL-induced NFATc1 signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism.

The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) induces osteoclastogenesis by induction of Ca2+ oscillation, calcineurin activation and translocation into the nucleus of nuclear factor of activated T cells type c1 (NFATc1). Homer proteins are scaffold proteins. They regulate Ca2+ signaling by modulating the activity of multiple Ca2+ signaling proteins.

FoxO1 regulates leptin-induced mood behavior by targeting tyrosine hydroxylase.

Purpose: While leptin has been associated with various psycho-physiological functions, the molecular network in leptin-mediated mood regulation remains elusive.

Methods: Anxiolytic behaviors and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels were examined after leptin administration. Functional roles of STAT3 and FoxO1 in regulation of TH expression were investigated using in vivo and in vitro systems.

A Novel Peptide, Nicotinyl⁻Isoleucine⁻Valine⁻Histidine (NA⁻IVH), Promotes Antioxidant Gene Expression and Wound Healing in HaCaT Cells.

Nicotinamide (NA), a water-soluble vitamin B₃, has been shown to exert cellular-protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to improve the cellular-protective effects of NA, we synthesized a novel compound, nicotinyl⁻isoleucine⁻valine⁻histidine (NA⁻IVH), by combining NA with jellyfish peptides' IVH. In the present study, we examined the cellular-protective effects of the novel synthetic nicotinyl-peptide, NA⁻IVH.

Increased store-operated Ca entry mediated by and .

Recent human genetic studies have shown that Gβ5 is related to various clinical symptoms, such as sinus bradycardia, cognitive disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although the calcium signaling cascade is closely associated with a heterotrimeric G-protein, the function of Gβ5 in calcium signaling and its relevance to clinical symptoms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) with exogenous expression of Gβ5.