Efficacy of electrocoagulation hemostasis: a study on the optimal usage of the very-low-voltage mode.

Background: The very-low-voltage (VLV) mode in electrosurgery can stably and deeply energize tissues even if the local electrical resistance changes with energization. Therefore, in electrosurgical hemostasis, the VLV mode is more reliable than other coagulation modes. In clinical practice, the appropriate use of combined saline drip and blood suction under the VLV mode can further enhance coagulation ability.

A Novel Endoscopic Catheter for "Laparoscopy-Like" Irrigation and Suction: Its Research and Development Process and Clinical Evaluation.

Background: Inspired by natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), the authors launched a development of novel endoscopic irrigation and suction (I/S) catheter for "laparoscopy-like" I/S in flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The aims were to describe its basic research and development (R&D) process and to estimate its performance in both preclinical and clinical settings.

Methods: In basic R&D phase, a layout of side hole at apex nozzle of endoscopic I/S (EIS) catheter were theoretically calculated and designed.