Genetic and antigenic dynamics of influenza A viruses of swine on pig farms in Thailand.

Surveillance studies of influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) have accumulated information regarding IAVs-S circulating in Thailand, but how IAVs-S evolve within a farm remains unclear. In the present study, we isolated 82 A(H1N1)pdm09 and 87 H3N2 viruses from four farms from 2011 through 2017. We then phylogenetically and antigenically analyzed the isolates to elucidate their evolution within each farm.

Co-infection of influenza A viruses of swine contributes to effective shuffling of gene segments in a naturally reared pig.

Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, surveillance activities have been accelerated globally to monitor the emergence of novel reassortant viruses. However, the mechanism by which influenza A viruses of swine (IAV-S) acquire novel gene constellations through reassortment events in natural settings remains poorly understood. To explore the mechanism, we collected 785 nasal swabs from pigs in a farm in Thailand from 2011 to 2014.

National antimicrobial resistance surveillance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Thailand.

As part of the continuing national antimicrobial surveillance, the national antimicrobial resistance surveillance thailand (NARST), data of all clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 28 hospitals in Thailand from 2000 to 2005. Epidemiological and microbiological data were obtained and analyzed using the WHONET software program. Among all isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, the rates of penicillin resistance were constantly high, ranging from 42.