Secondary metabolites and transcriptomic analysis of novel pulcherrimin producer KIOM G15050: A potent and safe food biocontrol agent.

, a novel endophytic yeast strain isolated from calyx, possesses strong antimicrobial activity. We investigated its potential use as an environmentally safe food biocontrol agent through genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Secondary metabolites were isolated from , followed by chemical structure elucidation, gene cluster identification, and RNA sequencing.

Anti-Fibrosis Effect of and Formula in Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts.

Meyer and Thunb. are well established in traditional medicine and are known for their therapeutic properties in managing a range of ailments such as diabetes, asthma, and cancer. Although and can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis (PF), the anti-fibrosis effect on PF by the combination of two herbal medicines remains unexplored.

The antiviral activity of Thuja orientalis folium against Influenza A virus.

Thuja orientalis Folium (TOF) has been prescribed traditionally as an expectorant for inflammatory airway disease. In this study, we evaluated the anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activity of TOF by detecting GFP expressed by influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34-GFP) infection. The fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that TOF potently inhibited IAV infection, dose-dependently.

In vitro propagation of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. using apical shoot segments and phytochemical assessments of the maternal and regenerated plants.

Background: Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China, Korea, and Japan to treat many diseases including poor gastrointestinal function, low immunity, gastric ulcers, and chronic gastritis.

Therapeutic Effects of Thumb. Leaf Extract (KIOM-2015E) on Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Dry Eye in a Mouse Model.

We determined the effects of two extracts from Thumb. leaves (hot water extract KIOM-2015EW and 25% ethanol extract KIOM-2015EE) in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye mouse model. Dry eye was induced by 0.

Association of CYP26C1 Promoter Hypomethylation with Small Vessel Occlusion in Korean Subjects.

The risk factors for stroke, a fatal disease, include type two diabetes, hypertension, and genetic influences. Small vessel occlusion (SVO) can be affected by epigenetic alterations, but an association between SVO and the methylation of cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily C member 1 (CYP26C1) has not been identified. In this study, we measured the level of DNA methylation in the CYP26C1 promoter and the 5' untranslated region of 115 normal subjects and 56 patients with SVO in Korea.

Neuroprotective effects of Acer palmatum thumb. leaf extract (KIOM-2015E) against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in the rat retina.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine whether the administration of Acer palmatum thumb. leaf extract (KIOM-2015E) protects against the degeneration of rat retinal ganglion cells after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced by midbrain cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min of MCAO, which produces transient ischemia in both the retina and brain due to the use of an intraluminal filament that blocks the ophthalmic and middle cerebral arteries.

Hypermethylation of the TSPOAP1-AS1 Promoter May Be Associated with Obesity in Overweight/Obese Korean Subjects.

Obesity is a major chronic disease associated with the risk of serious cardiovascular or endocrinal diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and stroke. Considerable interest has been directed towards the potential effects of epigenetic variations in obesity. In this study, we evaluated DNA methylation level at the promoter region of the gene encoding TSPO-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (TSPOAP1-AS1) in 80 overweight/obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) > 25) and 104 non-obese subjects who participated in the SOPI-Stroke study in Korea.

Inhibition of Programmed Death Receptor-1/Programmed Death Ligand-1 Interactions by Ginsenoside Metabolites.

Evidence suggests that programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) targeted inhibitors act as an immune checkpoint blockade, indicating that these compounds may be useful in cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting the immune response between T-cells and tumors. Previous studies have shown that ginsenosides can regulate the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in target diseases; however, it remains unknown whether ginsenosides act as a blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In this study, we used competitive ELISA to investigate 12 ginsenosides for their ability to block PD-1/PD-L1 interactions.

Hoveniae Semen Seu Fructus Ethanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity MAPK, AP-1, and STAT Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages.

Hoveniae semen seu fructus (HSF, fruit and seed of Thunb) is an important traditional herbal medicine and food supplement in East Asia for the treatment of liver diseases, alcohol poisoning, obesity, allergy, and cancer. HSF has also been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity, but the cellular mechanism of action is not fully understood. We assessed the anti-inflammatory properties of an HSF ethanol (HSFE) extract and explored its precise mechanism.

Antiplatelet Activity of Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives Isolated from .

Platelets are an important component of the initial response to vascular endothelial injury; however, platelet dysfunction induces the acute clinical symptoms of thrombotic disorders, which trigger severe cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemia, and stroke. In this study, we investigated the 's antiplatelet activity. A water extract of (WDC) was partitioned into dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, -butyl alcohol, and water.

Enhancement of neuroprotective activity of Sagunja-tang by fermentation with lactobacillus strains.

Background: Sagunja-tang (SGT) is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to treat immune system and gastrointestinal disorders and reportedly has protective effects against inflammation, cancer, and osteoporosis. In this study, we fermented SGT with different Latobacillus strains and investigated the change in phytochemical compositions in SGT and enhancement of it neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma.

Methods: Marker components, including ginsenoside Rg, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, and pachymic acid, in SGT, were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Jageum-Jung improves 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice and suppresses pro-inflammatory chemokine production by inhibiting TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced STAT-1 and NFκB signaling in HaCaT cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Jageum-Jung (JGJ) is an oriental herbal formula comprising five herbs (Melaphis chinensis Bell, Cremastra variabilis Nakai, Knoxia valerianoides Thorel, Euphorbia lathyris L., and Moschus moschiferus L.).

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Acer Palmatum Thumb. Extract, KIOM-2015EW, in a Hyperosmolar-Stress-Induced In Vitro Dry Eye Model.

The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of KIOM-2015EW, the hot-water extract of maple leaves in hyperosmolar stress (HOS)-induced human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). HCECs were exposed to hyperosmolar medium and exposed to KIOM-2015EW with or without the hyperosmolar media. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 production and apoptosis were observed, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and nuclear factor (NF)-κB was confirmed.

Protective Effect of Root Water Extract against Influenza A Virus Infection by Enhancing Antiviral Interferon-Mediated Immune Responses and Natural Killer Cell Activity.

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza A virus, which causes economic losses and social disruption mainly by increasing hospitalization and mortality rates among the elderly and people with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza, but can be completely ineffective if there is an antigenic mismatch between the seasonal vaccine virus and the virus circulating in the community. In addition, influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are emerging worldwide.

Application of galangin, an active component of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae), for use in drug-eluting stents.

In clinical pathology, stent interposition is used to treat vascular disease but can lead to restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DES) are most commonly used to suppress restenosis but can also have side effects. Therefore, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect and its possible target in vitro and in vivo.

Protective Effects of Spatholobi Caulis Extract on Neuronal Damage and Focal Ischemic Stroke/Reperfusion Injury.

Neuronal apoptotic cell death plays an important role in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. Spatholobi Caulis (SC) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, viral infection, and anemia. However, the protective effects of SC extract (SCE) against apoptotic cell death in the brain have not been reported.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Forsythia suspensa in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Forsythia suspensa Fructus (FS) is used to treat various inflammatory disorders in traditional Oriental medicine, including gastrointestinal diseases, but its therapeutic potential in ulcerative colitis is unclear. Thus, we investigated any potential therapeutic effects of FS against intestinal inflammation and the bioactive constituents in FS.

Materials And Methods: After the induction of colitis using 3% dextran sulfate sodium, FS (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally during the experimental period.

Water extract of Galla Rhois with steaming process enhances apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells.

Background: Galla Rhois has been considered to have medicinal properties against diarrhea, excessive sweating, bleeding, and chronic cough in Asian countries. Gallotannins, which are Galla Rhois-derived tannins, have been reported to possess biological and pharmacological activities, especially anticancer activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of steaming at a temperature over 120 °C on the chemical constituents and biological activities of the water extract of Galla Rhois (GRE).

Simultaneous determination of nine bioactive compounds in Yijin-tang via high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.

Background: Yijin-tang (YJ) has been used traditionally for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions, nausea, vomiting, gastroduodenal ulcers, and chronic gastritis. In this study, a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the quantitation of nine bioactive compounds in YJ: homogentisic acid, liquiritin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, and pachymic acid.

Methods: Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on an RS Tech C column (4.

A platycoside-rich fraction from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum enhances cell death in A549 human lung carcinoma cells via mainly AMPK/mTOR/AKT signal-mediated autophagy induction.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), commonly known as Kilkyong in Korea, Jiegeng in China, and Kikyo in Japan, has been extensively used as a traditional anti-inflammatory medicine in Asia for the treatment of respiratory conditions, such as bronchitis, asthma, and tonsillitis. Platycosides isolated from PG are especially well-known for their anti-cancer effects.

Aim Of The Study: We investigated the involvement of autophagic cell death and other potential molecular mechanisms induced by the platycoside-containing butanol fraction of PG (PGB) in human lung carcinoma cells.