Platelet-rich plasma protects hippocampal neurons and memory functions in a rat model of vascular dementia.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising biomaterial rich in bioactive growth factors, offering potential as a therapeutic agent for various diseases. However, its effectiveness in central nervous system disorders like vascular dementia (VaD) remains underexplored. This study investigated the potential of PRP to mitigate VaD progression .

Neuroprotective Effects of Water Extract from Brown Algae in an Experimental Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo.

Focal cerebral ischemia (fCI) can result in brain injury and sensorimotor deficits. Brown algae are currently garnering scientific attention as potential therapeutic candidates for fCI. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the hot water extract of (wPB), a brown alga, in in vitro and in vivo models of fCI.

leaf extract inhibits vascular dementia-induced memory impairment and neuronal loss by attenuating neuroinflammation.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by progressive memory impairment, which is associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Polyphenol-rich natural plants, which possess anti-inflammatory activities, have attracted scientific interest worldwide. This study investigated whether leaf extract (RFLE) can attenuate VaD.

Mixed Medicinal Mushroom Mycelia Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies In Vitro and In Vivo.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairment and existence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neuroinflammation. Due to the pivotal role of oxidative damage in AD, natural antioxidative agents, such as polyphenol-rich fungi, have garnered scientific scrutiny. Here, the aqueous extract of mixed medicinal mushroom mycelia (MMMM)-, , and -cultivated on a barley medium was assessed for its anti-AD effects.

Leaf Extract Attenuates Vascular Dementia-Associated Memory Deficits, Neuronal Damages, and Microglial Activation.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by a time-dependent memory deficit and essentially combined with evidence of neuroinflammation. Thus, polyphenol-rich natural plants, which possess anti-inflammatory properties, have received much scientific attention. This study investigated whether leaf extract (PFL) exerts therapeutic efficacy against VaD.

Water Extract of Mixed Mushroom Mycelia Grown on a Solid Barley Medium Is Protective against Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia.

Although the individual consumption of medicinal mushrooms, including (PL), (GL), and (IO), is known to be neuroprotective, the associated mechanisms underlying their therapeutic synergism on focal cerebral ischemia (fCI) have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of mixed mushroom mycelia (MMM) against experimental fCI. The water-fractions, ethanolic-fractions, and ethyl acetate-fractions of the MMM (PL, GL, and IO) grown in a barley medium using solid-state fermentation techniques were prepared and their protective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity were compared in PC-12 cells.

Highly Luminescent and Anti-Photobleaching Core-Shell Structure of Mesoporous Silica and Phosphatidylcholine Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Highly fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (Eu(TTA)(P(Oct))@mSiO@SPION) [europium (III) chloride hexahydrate = Eu; 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione = TTA; trioctylphosphine = (P(Oct)); mesoporous silica = mSiO; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle = SPION] were developed as a dual-functional imaging agent. The hierarchical structure was composed of a magnetic core and mesoporous silica shell was constructed using a cationic surfactant template after coating with phosphatidylcholine of oleic acid coated SPION. Afterward, the surface and cavities of mSiO@SPION were modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as a silane coupling agent to introduce methacrylate groups.

leaf extract protects mice brain with focal cerebral ischemia by antioxidative property.

The leaf extract of (PSL) has long been recognized as possessing various health-promoting activities. However, information on its possible protective effects against ischemic stroke is currently lacking. Here, using a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia (fCI), we studied the protective potential of an oral supplement of PSL.

Protective Effect of Cholic Acid-Coated Poly Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nanoparticles Loaded with Erythropoietin on Experimental Stroke.

Stroke is a major cause of adult mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, the treatment of stroke using the vast majority of possible drug candidates, including erythropoietin (EPO), remains problematic because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in scarce penetration onto the brain. To overcome this, we synthesized a novel EPO delivery system, namely the cholic acid-coated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with EPO (EPO-CA-NPs), with the aim of enabling efficient penetration of EPO-CA-NPs across the BBB.

Topical film prepared with Rhus verniciflua extract-loaded pullulan hydrogel for atopic dermatitis treatment.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by relapsing pruritus and skin dryness. Due to the pathogenic multiplicity and the adverse effects associated with the current therapeutics, development of transdermal drug delivery system is becoming an area of interest. Here, a novel topical film prepared with Rhus verniciflua extract (RVE)-loaded pullulan hydrogel (RVE@PH) was synthesized and tested its therapeutic efficacy on the AD rats modeled by neonatal capsaicin injection method.

Magnetofluorescent Nanocomposite Comprised of Carboxymethyl Dextran Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and β-Diketon Coordinated Europium Complexes.

Red emitting europium (III) complexes Eu(TFAAN)₃(P(Oct)₃)₃ (TFAAN = 2-(4,4,4-Trifluoroacetoacetyl)naphthalene, P(Oct)₃ = trioctylphosphine) chelated on carboxymethyl dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CMD-SPIONs) was synthesized and the step wise synthetic process was reported. All the excitation spectra of distinctive photoluminesces were originated from f-f transition of Eu with a strong red emission. The emission peaks are due to the hypersensitive transition ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ at 621 nm and ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ at 597 nm, ⁵D₀→⁷F₀ at 584 nm.

Neuroprotective Effect of Nortriptyline in Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Through Attenuation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Hyperammonemia associated with overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) causes excitotoxic neuronal death through activation of the cytochrome C (CytC)-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. We tested the therapeutic effect of nortriptyline (NT), a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) blocker that can possibly inhibit mitochondrial CytC efflux to the cytosol on in vivo and in vitro OHE models. After ensuring the generation of OHE rats, established by bile duct ligation (BDL), they were intraperitoneally administered either 20 mg/kg NT (i.

Extract of stokes protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant enzymes.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may cause acute kidney disease (AKD) by mediating the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of parenchymal cells. The extract of Stokes (RVS) is used as a traditional herbal medicine as it exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the current study investigated the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of RVS on IRI-induced AKD and .

Protective effect of Stokes extract in an experimental model of post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a major global human health concern. Owing to the need for therapeutic drugs without side effects, natural extracts containing various polyphenolic compounds that may exert estrogenic effects have been studied in depth. Stokes (RVS), which has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for centuries in Korea, was recently revealed to exert estrogenic effects attributable to its bioactive ingredients sulfuretin and butein, which have strong estrogen receptor-binding affinities.

Intermittent fasting is neuroprotective in focal cerebral ischemia by minimizing autophagic flux disturbance and inhibiting apoptosis.

Previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy induced by caloric restriction (CR) is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia. However, it has not been determined whether intermittent fasting (IF), a variation of CR, can exert autophagy-related neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of IF was evaluated over the course of two weeks in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia, which was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R).

Stokes attenuates cholestatic liver cirrhosis-induced interstitial fibrosis via Smad3 down-regulation and Smad7 up-regulation.

Cholestatic liver cirrhosis (CLC) eventually proceeds to end-stage liver failure by mediating overwhelming deposition of collagen, which is produced by activated interstitial myofibroblasts. Although the beneficial effects of Stokes (RVS) on various diseases are well-known, its therapeutic effect and possible underlying mechanism on interstitial fibrosis associated with CLC are not elucidated. This study was designed to assess the protective effects of RVS and its possible underlying mechanisms in rat models of CLC established by bile duct ligation (BDL).

Autophagy enhancement contributes to the synergistic effect of vitamin D in temozolomide-based glioblastoma chemotherapy.

Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is recommended as the initial treatment for high-grade glioblastoma. TMZ is widely used, but its short half-life and the frequency of tumor resistance limit its therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, the anticancer effect of vitamin D (VD) combined with TMZ upon glioblastoma was determined, and the underlying mechanism of this effect was identified.

Protective Effects of Indole-3-Carbinol-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, the potential of I3C to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear because of its poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Because polymer-based drug delivery systems stabilized by surfactants have been intensively utilized as a strategy to cross the blood-brain barrier, we prepared I3C-loaded poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) that were stabilized by Tween 80 (T80) (I3C-PLGA-T80-NPs) and examined their neuroprotective potential in vitro.

Receptor-Meditated Endocytosis by Hyaluronic Acid@Superparamagnetic Nanovetor for Targeting of CD44-Overexpressing Tumor Cells.

The present report proposes a more rational hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugation protocol that can be used to modify the surface of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by covalently binding the targeting molecules (HA) with glutamic acid as a molecular linker on peripheral surface of SPIONs. The synthesis of HA-Glutamic Acid (GA)@SPIONs was included oxidization of nanoparticle's surface with H₂O₂ followed by activation of hydroxyl group and reacting glutamic acid as an intermediate molecule demonstrating transfection of lung cancer cells. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and zeta-potential studies confirmed the chemical bonding between amino acid linker and polysaccharides.

Neuroprotective effect of estradiol-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles on glutamate-induced excitotoxic neuronal death.

Different concentrations of estradiol (E2)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (E2-PLGA-NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion-diffusion method. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the average particle size of E2-PLGA-NPs was 98 ± 1.9 nm when stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol and 103 ± 4.

Protective effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with erythropoietin stabilized by sodium cholate against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

The final aim of this study was to confirm the neuroprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles stabilized by sodium cholate (rhEPO-Ch-NP) and compare their effects with those of rhEPO using an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. Glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage on SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line, with or without rhEPO-Ch-NPs was quantitatively evaluated. The rhEPO-Ch-NPs were carefully prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation technique with PLGA, sodium cholate hydrate, and ethyl acetate.

An arthroscopic safety zone for the medial compartment of the hip joint.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety zone without any neurovascular injury to the medial compartment of hip joint through an anatomical method and describe the relationship of the extra-articular anatomic structures from the surface of the hip joint. Thirty-two fresh specimens from 17 adult Korean cadavers (8 males and 9 females, age range 54-79 years at death) were used for this study. For the measurements, the most superolateral point of the pubic symphysis (PS) and prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) were identified before dissection.

Sex determination using upper limb bones in Korean populations.

The purpose of this research is to establish metric standards for the determination of sex from the upper limb bones of Korean. We took a set of eleven measurements on each of 175 right sides of adult skeletons chosen at Korean sample. Classification accuracy dropped only one or two individuals when only vertical head diameter of humerus is used.