Effect of Bergmeister papilla on disc parameters in spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Objectives: To investigate the morphological characteristics of Bergmeister papilla (BMP), a persistent hyaloid remnant tissue, and its effects on the measurements and repeatability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Subjects/methods: The subjects of this prospective cross-sectional study including 83 patients with BMP and 76 unaffected individuals, all had open-angle structures. Images, including a 5-line raster and three consecutive optic disc cube scans centred on the optic disc, were acquired using the Cirrus high-definition OCT.

Neural network application for assessing thyroid-associated orbitopathy activity using orbital computed tomography.

This study aimed to propose a neural network (NN)-based method to evaluate thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) patient activity using orbital computed tomography (CT). Orbital CT scans were obtained from 144 active and 288 inactive TAO patients. These CT scans were preprocessed by selecting eleven slices from axial, coronal, and sagittal planes and segmenting the region of interest.

Effective encoder-decoder neural network for segmentation of orbital tissue in computed tomography images of Graves' orbitopathy patients.

Purpose: To propose a neural network (NN) that can effectively segment orbital tissue in computed tomography (CT) images of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients.

Methods: We analyzed orbital CT scans from 701 GO patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 and devised an effective NN specializing in semantic orbital tissue segmentation in GO patients' CT images. After four conventional (Attention U-Net, DeepLab V3+, SegNet, and HarDNet-MSEG) and the proposed NN train the various manual orbital tissue segmentations, we calculated the Dice coefficient and Intersection over Union for comparison.

Particulate matter increases Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in human epidermal keratinocytes via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Recent studies have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that are related to the development or exacerbation of several inflammatory dermatoses. However, the effect of PM on acne vulgaris has yet to be determined. In this study, we induced acne-like inflammation in HEKn cells with several concentrations of Cutibacterium acnes (C.

Neural network-based method for diagnosis and severity assessment of Graves' orbitopathy using orbital computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to diagnose Graves' orbitopathy, and the utility is gradually increasing. To develop a neural network (NN)-based method for diagnosis and severity assessment of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) using orbital CT, a specific type of NN optimized for diagnosing GO was developed and trained using 288 orbital CT scans obtained from patients with mild and moderate-to-severe GO and normal controls. The developed NN was compared with three conventional NNs [GoogleNet Inception v1 (GoogLeNet), 50-layer Deep Residual Learning (ResNet-50), and 16-layer Very Deep Convolutional Network from Visual Geometry group (VGG-16)].

Clinical performance of a smartphone-based low vision aid.

Real-time digital image processing to optimally enhance low vision is now realizable with recent advances in personal computers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a wearable smartphone-based low vision aid (LVA) with customizable vision enhancement in patients with visual impairment. We recruited 35 subjects with visual impairment and who were literate and cognitively capable.

Clinical Factors Associated with the Early Reduction of Corneal Sensitivity in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.

Purpose: To identify clinical factors associated with the early reduction of corneal sensitivity (CS) in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Methods: Total 30 subjects were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of an early reduction of CS (group 1, normal CS; group 2, decreased CS). The demographics, ocular manifestations of HZO, and the ocular surface parameters were compared between two groups.

Bilateral Increase of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Tears After the Unilateral Decrease of Corneal Sensitivity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze bilateral changes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the tear film in patients with unilateral neurotrophic keratitis.

Methods: We included 24 eyes from 24 subjects with normal corneal sensitivity according to Cochet-Bonnet corneal esthesiometry in the control group and 25 subjects with the unilateral neurotrophic keratitis in the unilateral decrease of corneal sensitivity (UDCS) group. The expression of MMP-9 in tears was assessed using point-of-care immunoassay.

Comparison of Superior and Inferior Visual Field Asymmetry Between Normal-tension and High-tension Glaucoma.

Precis: Increased severity of glaucoma heightened the hemispherical asymmetry in normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma (NTG/HTG), especially NTG. NTG showed localized superior defects in the central and paracentral areas whereas HTG showed mild asymmetry with diffuse defects.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the patterns of visual field (VF) defects according to glaucoma severity in NTG and HTG.

Corrigendum: Association of , , and Polymorphisms with Atopic Dermatitis in Koreans.

[This corrects the article on p. 197 in vol. 32.

Association of , , and Polymorphisms with Atopic Dermatitis in Koreans.

Background: Early-onset and severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients increase the probability of the development of allergic rhinitis or asthma. Treatment and prevention strategies in infants and young children with AD are targeted toward treating the symptoms, restoring skin barrier functions, and reducing the absorption of environmental allergens in an attempt to attenuate or block the onset of asthma and food allergy.

Objective: Given that the initiating events in AD remain poorly understood, identifying those at risk and implementing strategies to prevent AD is necessary.

A comparison of accommodation and ocular discomfort change according to display size of smart devices.

Background: To evaluate the change of accommodation and ocular discomfort according to the display size, using quantitative measurements of accommodation and ocular discomfort through subjective and objective metrics.

Methods: Forty six subjects without any ophthalmic disease history were asked to watch the documentary movie, using two different sizes of smart devices; smartphones and tablets. Before and after using devices, the near point accommodation (NPA) and the near point convergence (NPC) were measured, and objective accommodation was measured using an auto refractometer/keratometer.

Comparison of Vessel Density Reduction in the Deep and Superficial Capillary Plexuses in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To quantify the susceptibility of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in comparison with that of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: SS-OCTA (TritonTM; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) scans (3 × 3 mm) of 41 patients with BRVO were retrospectively analyzed. The mean vessel densities (VDs) of the SCP and the DCP were calculated in eyes with BRVO using the ImageJ program (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) and compared with those in the normal fellow eye without any morbidity or unaffected sector in the BRVO eye.

Comparison of vision-related quality of life and mental health between congenital and acquired low-vision patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the age of onset of low vision on patients' vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) and mental health.

Methods: Low-vision patients who visited Chung-Ang University hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were included. Patients were divided into the congenital low-vision (CLV) and acquired low-vision (ALV) groups according to the age of disease onset.

Clinical feasibility of pinhole glasses in presbyopia.

Purpose:: To investigate the ocular physiologic changes and subjective symptoms of wearing multiple-pinhole glasses in subjects with presbyopia.

Methods:: This prospective study included 32 eligible subjects with presbyopia. Objective ocular functions and a survey of ocular discomfort were performed at baseline.

Erratum: Association of CDKAL1 Polymorphisms with Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis in Koreans.

[This corrects the article on p. 276 in vol. 30, PMID: 29853740.

Polymorphisms in Atopic Dermatitis and Atopic March in Koreans.

Background: Atopic march (AM) is the progression from atopic dermatitis (AD) to allergic rhinitis and asthma. The development of AD is as high as 20% in children worldwide and continues to increase. AD seems to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors.

Association of CDKAL1 Polymorphisms with Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis in Koreans.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased in frequency to rates as high as 20% for children in developed countries. AD is one of the most common childhood diseases and has a complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors. Thus, a broad understanding of genetic background is needed for early diagnosis of AD.

Change in eyelid parameters after orbital decompression in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Purpose: To investigate quantitative changes in eyelid parameters after orbital decompression surgery in thyroid-associated orbitopathy using the PC-based program, Eyelid Analysis Software (EAS).

Methods: This study included 202 eyes of 109 thyroid-associated orbitopathy patients. Digital photographs of the patients in primary gaze were taken just before and after orbital decompression surgery, and exophthalmos degree was measured by Hertel exophthalmometry (Hertel Exophthalmometer SKU:52400; Oculus, Arlington, VA, USA).

Vision Improvement with Refractive Correction Does Not Completely Exclude Major Eye Diseases: Analyses of Visually Impaired South Korean Population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2011.

Purpose: To investigate the association between vision improvement with refractive correction in the visually impaired eyes and the prevalence of ocular comorbidities in the South Korean population.

Materials And Methods: The data of 24,620 individuals in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2009-2011) were reviewed. Visual impairment was defined as a presenting visual acuity < 20/60.

Long-term clinical outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted lamellar keratectomy with phototherapeutic keratectomy in anterior corneal stromal dystrophy.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted lamellar keratectomy (FLK) with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in patients with anterior corneal stromal dystrophies.

Methods: A total of 10 eyes from seven patients who underwent FLK were included. The patients had suffered from recurrent corneal erosion or visual disturbance in anterior corneal dystrophies (five Avellino dystrophies and two lattice dystrophies).

Measurement of Angle Kappa Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Corneal Topography.

Purpose: To introduce a new convenient and accurate method to measure the angle kappa using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and corneal topography.

Methods: Data from 42 eyes (13 males and 29 females) were analyzed in this study. The angle kappa was measured using Orbscan II and calculated with UBM and corneal topography.

Topographic analysis of eyelid position using digital image processing software.

Purpose: To propose a novel analysis technique for objective quantification of topographic eyelid position with an algorithmatically calculated scheme and to determine its feasibility.

Methods: One hundred normal eyelids from 100 patients were segmented using a graph cut algorithm, and 11 shape features of eyelids were semi-automatically quantified using in-house software. To evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of this software, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used.

The effect of orbital decompression surgery on interpupillary distance and angle kappa in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the effects of orbital decompression surgery on postoperative changes in interpupillary distance (IPD) and angle kappa in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO).

Methods: In patients with TAO who underwent orbital decompression surgery between January 1, 2014 and February 21, 2016, we measured exopthalmometry, IPD, inner intercanthal distance (IICD) and outer intercanthal distance (OICD) using a computer software program and angle kappa with an ORB scan II. We then analyzed preoperative and 3-month postoperative exophthalmometry, IPD, IICD, OICD and angle kappa to evaluate changes in eye position or rotation of the eyeball following orbital decompression surgery.