[Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus].

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum (NMO) is an autoimmune condition with preferential target at the optic nerves and spinal cord. Although HIV infection can also cause neuritis and myelitis, the entity of HIV related to NMO has recently been elucidated, however, little is known about the context of this disease. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, imaging, treatment, and functional prognosis in an HIV-positive patient who developed an episode of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) with positive anti-AQP4 antibodies.