Direct Assessment of Defective Regions in Monolayer MoS Field-Effect Transistors through Scanning Probe Microscopy Measurements.

Implementing two-dimensional materials in field-effect transistors (FETs) offers the opportunity to continue the scaling trend in the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology roadmap. Presently, the search for electrically active defects, in terms of both their density of energy states and their spatial distribution, has turned out to be of paramount importance in synthetic transition metal dichalcogenides layers, as they are suspected of severely inhibiting these devices from achieving their highest performance. Although advanced microscopy tools have allowed the direct detection of physical defects such as grain boundaries and point defects, their implementation at the device scale to assess the active defect distribution and their impact on field-induced channel charge modulation and current transport is strictly restrained.

Chemical Vapor Deposition of a Single-Crystalline MoS Monolayer through Anisotropic 2D Crystal Growth on Stepped Sapphire Surface.

Recently, a step-flow growth mode has been proposed to break the inherent molybdenum disulfide (MoS) crystal domain bimodality and yield a single-crystalline MoS monolayer on commonly employed sapphire substrates. This work reveals an alternative growth mechanism during the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of a single-crystalline MoS monolayer through anisotropic 2D crystal growth. During early growth stages, the epitaxial symmetry and commensurability of sapphire terraces rather than the sapphire step inclination ultimately govern the MoS crystal orientation.

Nanotechnology in Retinal Disease: Current Concepts and Future Directions.

The retina is one of the most complex and extraordinary human organs affected by genetic, metabolic, and degenerative diseases, resulting in blindness for ∼1.3 million people in the United States and over 40 million people worldwide. This translates into a huge loss of productivity, especially among younger patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and diabetic retinopathy.

Multi-domain Cognitive Testing: A Biomarker for Classifying the Cognitive Status of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Context: Cognition is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with varying levels of magnitude.

Aim: The present study aimed to identify a biomarker for classifying MCI and AD using multi-domain cognitive testing.

Settings And Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

High-Density Patterning of InGaZnO by CH: a Comparative Study of RIE and Pulsed Plasma ALE.

InGaZnO (IGZO)-based thin-film transistors and selector diodes are increasingly investigated for a broad range of applications such as high-resolution displays, high-density memories, and high-speed computing. However, its potential to be a key material for next-generation devices is strongly contingent on developing patterning processes with minimal damage at nanoscale dimensions. IGZO can be etched using CH-based plasma.

Does Evoked Electromyography Detect the Injured Facial Nerve Recovery Earlier Than Clinical Assessments?

Purpose: The key element in managing postoperative facial nerve (FN) injuries is timely diagnosis and intervention as indicated. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare evoked electromyography (EEMG) and clinical assessment in terms of the recovery of the injured FN in operated temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) cases.

Methods: The investigators designed a prospective cohort study in the primary operated TMJA patients.

Engineering Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Two-Dimensional Materials through Sapphire Template Screening for Advanced High-Performance Nanoelectronics.

In view of its epitaxial seeding capability, -plane single crystalline sapphire represents one of the most enticing, industry-compatible templates to realize manufacturable deposition of single crystalline two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (MX) for functional, ultrascaled, nanoelectronic devices beyond silicon. Despite sapphire being atomically flat, the surface topography, structure, and chemical termination vary between sapphire terraces during the fabrication process. To date, it remains poorly understood how these sapphire surface anomalies affect the local epitaxial registry and the intrinsic electrical properties of the deposited MX monolayer.

Frontal lobe metabolic alterations characterizing Parkinson's disease cognitive impairment.

Background And Purpose: Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) cognitive impairment at early stages is challenging compared to the stage of PD dementia where functional impairment is apparent and easily diagnosed. Hence, to evaluate potential early stage cognitive biomarkers, we assessed frontal lobe metabolic alterations using in vivo multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (H-MRSI).

Method: Frontal metabolism was studied in patients with PD with normal cognition (PD-CN) (n = 26), with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) (n = 27), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 30) using a single slice (two-dimensional) H-MRSI at 3 T.

Unravelling stacking order in epitaxial bilayer MX using 4D-STEM with unsupervised learning.

Following an extensive investigation of various monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (MX), research interest has expanded to include multilayer systems. In bilayer MX, the stacking order strongly impacts the local band structure as it dictates the local confinement and symmetry. Determination of stacking order in multilayer MX domains usually relies on prior knowledge of in-plane orientations of constituent layers.

On the van der Waals Epitaxy of Homo-/Heterostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Layered materials held together by weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions are a promising class of materials in the field of nanotechnology. Besides the potential for single layers, stacking of various vdW layers becomes even more promising since unique properties can hence be precisely engineered. The synthesis of stacked vdW layers, however, remains to date, hardly understood.

Cortical thickness and gyrification index measuring cognition in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Cortical dynamics is driven by cortico-cortical connectivity and it characterizes cortical morphological features. These brain surface features complement volumetric changes and may offer improved understanding of disease pathophysiology. Hence, present study aims to investigate surface features; cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification index (GI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of normal cognition (PD-CN), cognitively impaired patients with PD (PD-CI) in comparison with cognitively normal healthy controls (HC) to better elucidate cognition linked features in PD.

Domain specific cognitive impairment in Parkinson's patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects nearly 20-50% patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It may be the prodromal stage of dementia and impacts quality of life of the patient and caregiver. Characterizing PD cognition at the stage of MCI may help in understanding of cognitive pathophysiology.

Does valence influence perceptual bias towards incongruence during binocular rivalry?

The efficient processing of complex visual environments is essential for effective functioning. In the natural environment, processing the context is as important as the processing of the target object since no object can be found in isolation. Congruent object-context associations in a visual scene facilitate object recognition, whereas incongruent associations decrease performance accuracy.

Microteaching enhances teaching skills of resident doctors in India: A pilot study.

Background: The Medical Council of India has recommended microteaching for training medical graduates to improve their teaching efficiency. We assessed the effectiveness of microteaching on teaching skills of resident doctors through objective and subjective methods.

Methods: We obtained data from three microteaching sessions in which 10 resident doctors participated.

Peculiar alignment and strain of 2D WSe grown by van der Waals epitaxy on reconstructed sapphire surfaces.

The increasing scientific and industry interest in 2D MX materials within the field of nanotechnology has made the single crystalline integration of large area van der Waals (vdW) layers on commercial substrates an important topic. The c-plane oriented (3D crystal) sapphire surface is believed to be an interesting substrate candidate for this challenging 2D/3D integration. Despite the many attempts that have been made, the yet incomplete understanding of vdW epitaxy still results in synthetic material that shows a crystallinity far too low compared to natural crystals that can be exfoliated onto commercial substrates.

Chemical vapor deposition of monolayer-thin WS crystals from the WF and HS precursors at low deposition temperature.

Monolayer-thin WS with (0002) texture grows by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from gas-phase precursors WF and HS at a deposition temperature of 450 °C on 300 mm Si wafers covered with an amorphous AlO starting surface. We investigate the growth and nucleation mechanism during the CVD process by analyzing the morphology of the WS crystals. The CVD process consists of two distinct growth regimes.

Randomized Controlled Trial of A 12-Week Yoga-Based (Including Diet) Lifestyle vs. Dietary Intervention on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Continuous Risk Score in Indian Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome, a prediabetic and precardiovascular pathologic condition that begins early in life, tracks into adulthood and magnifies with age. Randomized controlled trials evaluating efficacy of yoga-based lifestyle vs. dietary intervention on metabolic syndrome are lacking.

A novel method for assessing patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives by increasing cognitive load of visuo-spatial working memory.

Introduction: In patients with schizophrenia, social and functional outcome is determined by the cognitive impairment. Assessment of visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) which can simulate the day-to-day activities by simultaneous involvement of various elements of working memory may reflect disorganized thinking and fragmentation of thoughts in schizophrenia.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with schizophrenia, 29 first-degree relatives of patients, and 25 healthy controls performed a VSWM task with three memory loads (comprising three pairs, six pairs, and eight pairs of abstract pictures).

Deficit in specific cognitive domains associated with dementia in Parkinson's disease.

Impairment in different cognitive domains such as executive functions, language, memory and visuospatial skills occur frequently in Parkinson disease (PD) leading to significant disability and deterioration in quality of life. Heterogeneity of cognitive impairment enhances risk of developing dementia as disease progress. The objective is to explore the pattern of cognitive impairment with reference to the affected domains in PD with or without dementia relative to healthy controls.

Layer-controlled epitaxy of 2D semiconductors: bridging nanoscale phenomena to wafer-scale uniformity.

The rapid cadence of MOSFET scaling is stimulating the development of new technologies and accelerating the introduction of new semiconducting materials as silicon alternative. In this context, 2D materials with a unique layered structure have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, mainly motivated by their ultra-thin body nature and unique optoelectronic and mechanical properties. The development of scalable synthesis techniques is obviously a fundamental step towards the development of a manufacturable technology.

Structural characterization of SnS crystals formed by chemical vapour deposition.

The crystal and defect structure of SnS crystals grown using chemical vapour deposition for application in electronic devices are investigated. The structural analysis shows the presence of two distinct crystal morphologies, that is thin flakes with lateral sizes up to 50 μm and nanometer scale thickness, and much thicker but smaller crystallites. Both show similar Raman response associated with SnS.

Functional brain microstate predicts the outcome in a visuospatial working memory task.

Humans have limited capacity of processing just up to 4 integrated items of information in the working memory. Thus, it is inevitable to commit more errors when challenged with high memory loads. However, the neural mechanisms that determine the accuracy of response at high memory loads still remain unclear.

Ethics Standards (HRPP) and Public Partnership (PARTAKE) to Address Clinical Research Concerns in India: Moving Toward Ethical, Responsible, Culturally Sensitive, and Community-Engaging Clinical Research.

Like other emerging economies, India's quest for independent, evidence-based, and affordable healthcare has led to robust and promising growth in the clinical research sector, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.4% between 2005 and 2010. However, while the fundamental drivers and strengths are still strong, the past few years witnessed a declining trend (CAGR -16.

Adiponectin, interleukin-6, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are modified by a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese men.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and markers of inflammation and endothelial function in overweight and obese men.

Design: Nonrandomized prospective lifestyle intervention study with pre-post design. SETTING AND LOCATION: Integral Health Clinic, an outpatient facility providing yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for prevention and management of chronic diseases.

A short-term, comprehensive, yoga-based lifestyle intervention is efficacious in reducing anxiety, improving subjective well-being and personality.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a short-term comprehensive yoga-based lifestyle intervention in reducing anxiety, improving subjective well-being and personality.

Materials And Methods: The study is a part of an ongoing larger study at a tertiary care hospital. Participants (n=90) included patients with chronic diseases attending a 10-day, yoga-based lifestyle intervention program for prevention and management of chronic diseases, and healthy controls (n=45) not attending any such intervention.