Frequency and Prognostic Impact of CDKN2A/B Alteration in Oligodendrogliomas: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) -mutant astrocytomas with homozygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase 2A/B (CDKN2A/B-HomoD) are categorized to grade 4 in the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification. However, the clinical implications of CDKN2A/B-HomoD in oligodendrogliomas remain unclear. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the literature on molecularly defined oligodendrogliomas (mOlig) to find the frequency and prognostic significance of CDKN2A/B gene alterations.

IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas with glioblastoma molecular features: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The WHO 2021 classification defines IDH wild type (IDHw) histologically lower-grade glioma (hLGG) as molecular glioblastoma (mGBM) if TERT promoter mutation (pTERTm), EGFR amplification or chromosome seven gain and ten loss aberrations are indicated. We systematically reviewed articles of IDHw hLGGs studies (49 studies, N = 3748) and meta-analyzed mGBM prevalence and overall survival (OS) according to the PRISMA statement. mGBM rates in IDHw hLGG were significantly lower in Asian regions (43.

Incidental diffuse low-grade gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment results with correction of lead-time and length-time biases.

Background: Better overall survival (OS) reported in patients with incidental diffuse low-grade glioma (iLGG) in comparison to symptomatic LGG (sLGG) may be overestimated by lead-time and length-time.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on adult hemispheric iLGGs according to the PRISMA statement to adjust for biases in their outcomes. Survival data were extracted from Kaplan-Meier curves.

Diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy and MRI for leptomeningeal metastases in solid cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology remains the gold standard approach for diagnosing of leptomeningeal metastases (LM), but has clinical problems due to its low sensitivity. This systemic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the novel CSF biomarkers of liquid biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting LM in patients with solid cancers.

Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify all published diagnostic accuracy studies on CSF liquid biopsies and MRI since January 2000 with registration for PROSPERO (#CRD42022301988).

Prevalence of incidental meningiomas and gliomas on MRI: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.

Background: The chance of incidentally detecting brain tumors is increasing as the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) becomes more prevalent. In this background, knowledge is accumulating in relation to the prediction of their clinical sequence. However, their prevalence-especially the prevalence of glioma-has not been adequately investigated according to age, sex, and region.

Leptomeningeal Metastasis in ER + HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer Patients: A Review of the Cases in a Single Institute Over a 15-year Period.

Purpose: While leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ER + HER2-ABC) has a poor prognosis, the details of ER + HER2-LM are unclear. We therefore retrospectively investigated patients with LM from ER + HER2-ABC.

Methods: ER + HER2-ABC patients who received any therapy at Shizuoka Cancer Center between October 2002 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.

Mid-Term Prognosis After Landiolol Treatment in Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter Patients With Chronic Heart Failure - A Prospective Observational Survey (AF-CHF Landiolol Survey).

The aim of the prospective post-marketing AF-CHF Landiolol Survey was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of landiolol for the treatment of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in patients with cardiac dysfunction in clinical practice in Japan. This analysis reports mid-term prognoses with a focus on switching from landiolol to oral β-blockers. The AF-CHF Landiolol Survey took place between June 2014 and May 2016 and involved 1,121 patients with cardiac dysfunction and atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter.

Prognostic significance of brain invasion in meningiomas: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The WHO 2016 classification introduced brain invasion as a standalone criterion for grade II meningioma (GIIM). We systematically reviewed studies published after 2000 and performed a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of the hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival (PFS) between brain-invasive and noninvasive meningiomas. In five studies that included both benign and higher-grade meningiomas, brain invasion was a significant risk factor for recurrence (HR = 2.

Malignant transformation of WHO grade I meningiomas after surgery or radiosurgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: The incidence and clinical features of the malignant transformation of benign meningiomas are poorly understood. This study examined the risk of the malignant transformation of benign meningiomas after surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2019 using PubMed, Scopus, and other sources.

FLAIR hyperintensity along the brainstem surface in leptomeningeal metastases: a case series and literature review.

Background: The incidence of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is underestimated because of its non-specific signs and the low sensitivity of clinical diagnostic modalities. Cerebrospinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with and without contrast enhancement (CE) is a gold standard for the neuroradiological assessment of patients with suspected LM. Previous studies suggested that some LM cases show changes of the brainstem surface on non-contrast MR images without or before the appearance of abnormalities on CE images.

＜Editors' Choice＞ Impact of maintenance of postoperative performance status on survival in elderly patients over 70 with high-grade astrocytoma.

This study aimed to identify the elderly generation with the worst prognoses for high-grade astrocytoma and find independent predictors of good outcomes. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 91 patients, ≥65 years old, with anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test or multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Alpha-type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cell-based Vaccination in Newly Diagnosed High-grade Glioma: A Phase II Clinical Trial.

Background/aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an intractable tumor that has a very poor prognosis despite intensive treatment with temozolomide plus radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen newly diagnosed patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in a phase II study of the α-type-1 DC vaccine. Briefly, DCs obtained from the culture of enriched monocytes in the presence of a cytokine cocktail, were pulsed with a cocktail of 5 synthetic peptides and cryopreserved until injection into patients.

Surgical outcome and graded prognostic assessment of patients with brain metastasis from adult sarcoma: multi-institutional retrospective study in Japan.

Background: Brain metastasis (BM) is an uncommon complication of sarcomas with a poor prognosis. Little information is available about the feasibility and prognostic factors of surgical resection of BM from sarcomas.

Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of 22 patients with BM from sarcomas who underwent resection at six institutes in Japan.

Retrospective analysis of salvage surgery for local progression of brain metastasis previously treated with stereotactic irradiation: diagnostic contribution, functional outcome, and prognostic factors.

Background: Stereotactic irradiation (STI) is a primary treatment for patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases. Some of these patients experience local progression, which is difficult to differentiate from radiation necrosis, and difficult to treat. So far, just a few studies have clarified the prognosis and effectiveness of salvage surgery after STI.

A practical predictor of the growth potential of benign meningiomas: Hypointensity of surface layer in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Accurate evaluation of proliferative potential is particularly important in the clinical management of individual patients with meningiomas. We introduce a new feature in the parenchyma of meningioma, namely, hypointensity of the surface layer (HSL), on T2-weighted MR images and compare it with a cellular proliferation index and growth speed.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of consecutive patients with WHO grade I meningiomas in two institutes: an operated group with 124 meningiomas resected in one institute, and an observed group with 89 meningiomas monitored without surgery in the other.

Natural History of Meningiomas: Review with Meta-analyses.

Observation has been a mainstay in asymptomatic meningiomas, but it may increase the risk associated with treatment due to tumor enlargement and the aging of patients. Understanding the natural course of meningiomas is important to provide appropriate treatment. The majority of previous studies investigated factors related to their growth, but failed to demonstrate their relationship with symptomatic progression (sympP) because of its rarity.

Pretreatment intratumoral susceptibility signals correlate with response to high-dose methotrexate and progression-free survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

We aimed to estimate the frequency of intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) in susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in consecutive patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and to determine if pretreatment heterogeneity of PCNSL is predictive of response to chemotherapy by using ITSS on SWI. We retrospectively examined 29 immunocompetent patients with PCNSL who underwent SWI-MRI before treatment. A univariate analysis was conducted with Fisher's exact test.

A prospective observational survey on landiolol in atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter patients with chronic heart failure - AF-CHF landiolol survey.

Background: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter occur commonly in patients with heart failure. Ultrashort-acting β-blockers, including landiolol, can rapidly control heart rate. As part of postmarketing surveillance for landiolol in Japan, a real-world drug-use survey (AF-CHF landiolol survey) was established for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in patients with heart failure.

Identification of a neoantigen epitope in a melanoma patient with good response to anti-PD-1 antibody therapy.

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled rapid and efficient evaluation of the mutational landscape of cancers. As a result, many cancer-specific neoantigens, which can generate antitumor cytotoxic T-cells inside tumors, have been identified. Previously, we reported a metastatic melanoma case with high tumor mutation burden, who obtained complete remission after anti-PD-1 therapy and surgical resection.

Optimal Sequence of Local and EGFR-TKI Therapy for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Brain Metastases Stratified by Number of Brain Metastases.

Purpose: It is unclear whether local therapy (LT) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) should take precedence for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BMs). The number of BMs is important in the choice of LT, including whole-brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated cases of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with BMs from a single site.

Palliative cerebrospinal fluid shunting for leptomeningeal metastasis-related hydrocephalus in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: A single-center retrospective study.

Purpose: Management of leptomeningeal metastasis-related hydrocephalus (LM-H) is particularly challenging regarding the control of severe headache, nausea, and vomiting due to intracranial hypertension. To investigate the improvements of performance status and outcome with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery for LM-H in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Data on patients with leptomeningeal metastasis-related hydrocephalus from lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by MR imaging and/or cytological examination were retrospectively analyzed.