Machine learning-based prognostic modeling in gallbladder cancer using clinical data and pre-treatment [F]-FDG-PET-radiomic features.

Objectives: This study evaluates the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) models that incorporate clinical and 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]-FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-radiomic features for predicting outcomes in gallbladder cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: The study analyzed 52 gallbladder cancer patients who underwent pre-treatment [F]-FDG-PET/CT scans between January 2011 and December 2021. Twenty-seven patients were assigned to the training cohort between January 2011 and January 2018, and the data randomly split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets.

Evaluation of urinary vanin-1 for the early prediction of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Purpose: Cisplatin (CDDP) induces acute kidney injury (AKI) as a side effect during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Urinary vanin-1 excretion may increase during CDDP treatment. We investigated whether urinary vanin-1 is an early biomarker for CDDP-induced AKI.

Usefulness of the Primary Tumor Standardized Uptake Value of Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine for Predicting Metastatic Potential in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

Purpose: To examine the usefulness of semi-quantitative analysis using the standardized uptake value (SUV) of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ([I]-MIBG) for predicting metastatic potential in patients with pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL).

Procedures: This study included 18 PHEO and 2 PGL patients. [I]-MIBG visibility and SUV-related parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, tumor volume of [I]-MIBG uptake [TV_MIBG], and total lesion [I]-MIBG uptake) were compared with the pathological grading obtained using the Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) and the Grading System for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP), which are used to predict metastatic potential.

Applying deep learning-based ensemble model to [F]-FDG-PET-radiomic features for differentiating benign from malignant parotid gland diseases.

Objectives: To develop and identify machine learning (ML) models using pretreatment 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]-FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomic features to differentiate benign from malignant parotid gland diseases (PGDs).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 62 patients with 63 PGDs who underwent pretreatment [F]-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT). The lesions were assigned to the training (n = 44) and testing (n = 19) cohorts.

Evaluation of molecular interaction between intercellular lipid organization in human stratum corneum and terpenes using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

The stratum corneum (SC) presents certain limitations for topical administration of medication, which can be overcome using penetration enhancers (PEs) such as terpene (TP). The SC is also crucial for maintaining the skin barrier and consists of two lamellar structures: the short periodicity phase (SPP) and long periodicity phase (LPP). In this study, we monitored changes in the X-ray diffraction peaks of the human SC, 30 min after TP application (neroridol, 1,8-cineol, and d-limonene).

Machine Learning Analysis of Predictors for Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy Administration Time Post Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural deformity of the heart present at birth. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may arise from increased blood flow to the lungs, persistent pulmonary arterial pressure elevation, or the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during surgical repair. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) selectively reduces high blood pressure in the pulmonary vessels without lowering systemic blood pressure, making it useful for treating children with postoperative PH due to heart disease.

Multiparametric approach with synthetic MR imaging for diagnosing salivary gland lesions.

Purpose: To determine whether synthetic MR imaging can distinguish between benign and malignant salivary gland lesions.

Methods: The study population included 44 patients with 33 benign and 11 malignant salivary gland lesions. All MR imaging was obtained using a 3 Tesla system.

Machine learning approach using F-FDG-PET-radiomic features and the visibility of right ventricle F-FDG uptake for predicting clinical events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

Objectives: To investigate the usefulness of machine learning (ML) models using pretreatment F-FDG-PET-based radiomic features for predicting adverse clinical events (ACEs) in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 47 patients with CS who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT scan before treatment. The lesions were assigned to the training (n = 38) and testing (n = 9) cohorts.

Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) in the Nasal and Paranasal Cavity: Four Cases Report.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a form of leukemia caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1). Otolaryngologists often diagnose ATL based on cervical lymphadenopathy or Waldeyer ring lesions. However, there are few reports of ATL occurring in the nasal and paranasal cavity.

Nuclear medicine practice in Japan: a report of the ninth nationwide survey in 2022.

Subcommittee on Survey of Nuclear Medicine Practice in Japan has performed a nationwide survey of nuclear medicine practice every 5 years since 1982 to survey contemporary nuclear medicine practice and its changes over the years. The subcommittee sent questionnaires, including the number and category of examinations as well as the kind of the radiopharmaceuticals during the 30 days of June 2022 to all nuclear medicine institutes in Japan. The total numbers of them for the year 2022 were estimated depends on the 1-month data.

Involvement of the kisspeptin system in regulation of sexual behaviors in medaka.

In mammals, kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons are generally considered as a sex steroid-dependent key regulator of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In contrast, previous studies in non-mammalian species, especially in teleosts, propose that Kiss1 is not directly involved in the HPG axis regulation, which suggests some sex-steroid-dependent functions of kisspeptin(s) other than the HPG axis regulation in non-mammals. Here, we used knockout (KO) medaka of kisspeptin receptor-coding genes ( and ) and examined possible roles of kisspeptin in the regulation of sexual behaviors.

Differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma by time-dependent diffusion using oscillating gradient.

Background: This study aimed to elucidate the impact of effective diffusion time setting on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based differentiation between primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) and to investigate the usage of time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 21 patients with PCNSLs and 66 patients with GBMs using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences with oscillating gradient spin-echo (Δ = 7.1 ms) and conventional pulsed gradient (Δ = 44.

Low-grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma With Massive Degeneration: A Case of Unusual Gross and Histological Features.

Background: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare type of sarcoma which is observed in the soft tissue of proximal extremities, typically in young and middle-aged adults. It consists of a solid proliferation of bland spindle cells within collagenous and myxoid stroma.

Case Report: Herein, we report a case of LGFMS with massive degeneration and hyalinization.

Oscillating Gradient Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Risk Stratification of Uterine Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Oscillating gradient diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) enables elucidation of microstructural characteristics in cancers; however, there are limited data to evaluate its utility in patients with endometrial cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the utility of oscillating gradient DWI for risk stratification in patients with uterine endometrial cancer compared with conventional pulsed gradient DWI.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Differentiating brain metastasis from glioblastoma by time-dependent diffusion MRI.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the use of time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in distinguishing between glioblastomas and brain metastases.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 65 patients with glioblastomas and 27 patients with metastases using a diffusion-weighted imaging sequence with oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE, 50 Hz) and a conventional pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE, 0 Hz) sequence. In addition to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from two sequences (ADC and ADC), we generated maps of the ADC change (cADC): ADC - ADC and the relative ADC change (rcADC): (ADC - ADC)/ ADC × 100 (%).

Clinical application of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography radiomics-based machine learning analyses in the field of oncology.

Machine learning (ML) analyses using F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) radiomics features have been applied in the field of oncology. The current review aimed to summarize the current clinical articles about F-FDG PET/CT radiomics-based ML analyses to solve issues in classifying or constructing prediction models for several types of tumors. In these studies, lung and mediastinal tumors were the most commonly evaluated lesions, followed by lymphatic, abdominal, head and neck, breast, gynecological, and other types of tumors.

The usefulness of machine-learning-based evaluation of clinical and pretreatment F-FDG-PET/CT radiomic features for predicting prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Objective: To examine whether machine learning (ML) analyses involving clinical and F-FDG-PET-based radiomic features are helpful in predicting prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included 49 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwentF-FDG-PET/CT before treatment, and these patients were divided into the training ( = 34) and testing ( = 15) cohorts.Seven clinical (age, sex, tumor size, T stage, N stage, Union for International Cancer Control stage, and treatment) and 40 F-FDG-PET-based radiomic features were used to predict disease progression and survival.

Extracellular volume fraction derived from equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT as a diagnostic parameter in anterior mediastinal tumors.

Purpose: To assess the usefulness of extracellular volume (ECV) fraction derived from equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for diagnosing anterior mediastinal tumors.

Method: This study included 161 histologically confirmed anterior mediastinal tumors (55 low-risk thymomas, 57 high-risk thymomas, 32 thymic carcinomas, and 17 malignant lymphomas) that were assessed by pretreatment CECT. ECV fraction was calculated using measurements obtained within the lesion and the aorta on unenhanced and equilibrium phase CECT.

Application of Machine Learning Analyses Using Clinical and [F]-FDG-PET/CT Radiomic Characteristics to Predict Recurrence in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Purpose: To develop and identify machine learning (ML) models using pretreatment clinical and 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography ([F]-FDG-PET)-based radiomic characteristics to predict disease recurrences in patients with breast cancers who underwent surgery.

Procedures: This retrospective study included 112 patients with 118 breast cancer lesions who underwent [F]-FDG-PET/ X-ray computed tomography (CT) preoperatively, and these lesions were assigned to training (n=95) and testing (n=23) cohorts. A total of 12 clinical and 40 [F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic characteristics were used to predict recurrences using 7 different ML algorithms, namely, decision tree, random forest (RF), neural network, k-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, logistic regression, and support vector machine (SVM) with a 10-fold cross-validation and synthetic minority over-sampling technique.

Application of I-MIBG myocardial maximum standardized uptake value to characterize cardiac function in patients with pheochromocytoma: comparison with echocardiography.

Purpose: This study examined the usefulness of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of myocardial [I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine ([I]-MIBG) to characterize myocardial function by comparing it with echocardiographic parameters in patients with pheochromocytoma.

Materials And Methods: This study included 18 patients with pheochromocytoma who underwent both planar and [I]-MIBG single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography scans and echocardiography before surgery. Myocardial [I]-MIBG visibility and SUVmax were compared with echocardiographic parameters related to systolic and diastolic functions.

Prostaglandin E receptor Ptger4b regulates female-specific peptidergic neurons and female sexual receptivity in medaka.

In vertebrates, female receptivity to male courtship is highly dependent on ovarian secretion of estrogens and prostaglandins. We recently identified female-specific neurons in the medaka (Oryzias latipes) preoptic area that express Npba, a neuropeptide mediating female sexual receptivity, in response to ovarian estrogens. Here we show by transcriptomic analysis that these neurons express a multitude of neuropeptides, in addition to Npba, in an ovarian-dependent manner, and we thus termed them female-specific, sex steroid-responsive peptidergic (FeSP) neurons.

Short-time-window Patlak imaging using a population-based arterial input function and optimized Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction: a feasibility study.

Background: To explore the feasibility of short-time-window Ki imaging using a population-based arterial input function (IF) and optimized Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction as a practical alternative to long-time-window Ki imaging with an individual patient-based IF. Myocardial Ki images were generated from 73 dynamic F-FDG-PET/CT scans of 30 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. For each dynamic scan, the Ki images were obtained using the IF from each individual patient and a long time window (10-60 min).

Revision total hip arthroplasty using a Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device and allogeneic structural bone graft.

Purpose: One of the major problems in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is severe acetabular bone loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of revision THA using a Kerboull-type reinforcement device (KT plate) and allogeneic structural bone graft.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 48 hips that underwent revision THA using a KT plate and allogeneic structural bone graft between 2008 and 2016, with a median follow-up of 6.