Effects of additional oral fosravuconazole l-lysine ethanolate therapy following inadequate response to initial treatment for onychomycosis: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Onychomycosis, a superficial fungal infection, develops when dermatophytes infect nail plate and beds. Fosravuconazole l-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ), a fourth-generation azole antifungal agent with potent antifungal activity and few drug interactions, was highly effective in a clinical trial, with a complete cure rate of 59.4% at 48 weeks after treatment initiation.

Validation of a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for tinea unguium diagnosis.

Tinea unguium is a common nail disease caused by dermatophytes. Although direct potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and fungal culture are considered the gold standard for diagnosing this disease, their accuracy is insufficient. A lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) kit, using a monoclonal antibody against Trichophyton rubrum, was developed and its sensitivity was recently improved 50% in vitro relative to its earlier version.

Epidemiological survey of foot diseases in Japan: results of 30,000 foot checks by dermatologists.

There has been no epidemiological survey of foot diseases in Japan. In this study we determined the prevalence of foot diseases, especially tinea pedis (TP) and tinea unguium (TU) in Japan. We conducted a randomized survey of outpatients who visited a dermatologist during the third week of May in 1999, 2000 and 2006.

Characterization of mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in a Candida albicans isolate from a Japanese patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

We examined the mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate from a Japanese patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. It was demonstrated that the highly resistant phenotype of this strain was associated with combined mechanisms of the energy-dependent reduced intracellular accumulation of fluconazole, presumably due to the increased expression of the ATP-binding cassette efflux pump CDR gene(s), and the reduced affinity of the target enzyme, Erg11p, to fluconazole. In particular, the reduced affinity of Erg11p was considered to contribute largely to the fluconazole resistance in the TIMM3209 strain.

[One-week application of terbinafine cream compared with four-week application in treatment of Tinea pedis].

The possibility of one-week application of terbinafine cream for tinea pedis was studied in a double-blind test at four institutes, comparing four-week application as a control. Of a total of forty-three patients studied, nineteen were randomized into a four-week application group, Group I, and twenty into a one-week application group, Group II. Group I was evaluated as moderate to extremely useful in twelve (63.

[A case of trichophytia profunda acuta of the glabrous skin].

We report the case of a 68-year-old man with eruption on his left arm in the lesion where he wore his wrist watch. He was treated with topical steroid ointment at another clinic. He also suffered from tinea pedis.

[Two cases of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection contracted from a hamster and a chinchilla].

We report two cases of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection. Case 1: A 10-year-old girl visited Tokyo Electric Power Hospital in June 1994 for evaluation of an erythematous lesion on her head. Three months of topical steroid therapy exacerbated the lesion with pustular formation.

[A case of fixed sporotrichosis with recurred in a child following itraconazole treatment].

We report a case of fixed sporotrichosis in a 2-year-old girl who showed a reddish nodule on her left cheek for 1 year without trauma. Fungi flora-Y staining showed fungal elements from the exudate onthe erosion of this nodule. Sporothrix schenckii was isolated from a culture of the fungus taken from the biopsy specimen.

[A case of melanonychia caused by Exophiala dermatitidis].

We report a case of a healthy 61-year-old woman with discoloration of the nail on her right big toe. We first treated her with topical steroid and urea under suspected diagnosis of nail eczema, but the lesion remained. In culture, black, shiny, pasty and yeast-like colonies grew repeatedly.

Pityriasis versicolor with a unique clinical appearance.

We experienced an atypical case of pityriasis versicolor with a unique clinical appearance and undescribed mycological features. Although Malassezia sp. was cultured from the keratotic material, the fungal elements observed in the material were not readily identified as Malassezia.

Evaluation of the clinical usefulness of measuring urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in melanoma: ten years' experience of 50 patients.

The urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) is known to be increased in certain patients with melanoma. To evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic utility, we measured the urinary excretion of 5-S-CD on at least three different occasions in 50 patients with melanoma. No significant increase was found in 26 patients without metastases, in 10 patients with regional lymph node metastasis and 2 patients with amelanotic melanoma.

Aggressive B-cell lymphoma induced by Epstein-Barr virus infection in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

The coexistence of two cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of different lineage is rare. We report a patient with an indolent erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma followed by an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. To our best knowledge, this is the first report describing Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Neutral red assay in minimum fungicidal concentrations of antifungal agents.

We assayed the fungicidal effects of antifungal agents using neutral red staining. Fungal elements of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were treated with various concentrations of antifungal agents in 96-well filtration plates and then stained with neutral red.

Differential expression of the 45 kDa protein (actin) during the dimorphic transition of Sporothrix schenckii.

We investigated the gene expression of a protein during the dimorphic transition from yeast to mycelial form of Sporothrix schenckii. Yeast cells were converted to mycelial cells in Sabouraud glucose broth at 25 degrees C. After 1, 3 and 5 days of culture, the intermediate form of cells between yeast and mycelium was obtained, and after 7 days these cells were morphologically similar to the mycelial cells.

Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis and Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D.

We report a healthy, 73-year-old Japanese woman who presented with primary cryptococcosis on the skin of both cheeks. She had initially developed an erythematous, partly ulcerated lesion on the right cheek 2 weeks earlier following an injury. There was no regional lymphadenopathy, and chest X-rays were normal.

Unusually located lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.

We report a patient with primary lymphocutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection affecting the face and left arm. The mode of infection was via skin abrasions which occurred 2 weeks prior to the development of the skin lesions. Treatment with intravenous minocycline for 4 weeks resulted in a cure.

Ultrastructure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes stained with neutral red.

The ultrastructure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes cells stained with neutral red was investigated using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Fixatives containing molybdenum and chromium were used to prevent the outflow of neutral red. Electron-dense particles composed of metals and dye were observed exclusively in the vacuoles, which were increased in number and size, but not near the cell wall.

Fonsecaea pedrosoi isolated from skin crusts of Bowen's disease.

Fonsecaea pedrosoi was isolated from scaly crusts of plaque lesions on the left thigh of a 60-year-old Japanese man. Histological examination confirmed these lesions to be due to Bowen's disease, and sclerotic cells were recognized in the stratum corneum. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate superficial colonization of a pre-existing skin lesion by F.

Association of the acral type of pustular psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

We describe a case of a 53-year-old Japanese female suffering from Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis who developed pustules, erythema, and erosions on her fingers and toes. The histological specimen showed psoriatic changes. Indirect immunofluorescent study using anti-human IL (interleukin)-8 antibody produced positive staining patterns in the lesional epidermis.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma arising from parakeratosis variegata: long-term observation with monitoring of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements.

Background: Parakeratosis variegata is a rare skin disease first described in 1890. Even today, the disease entity remains confusing because various names indicating similar skin conditions have been used. Several cases of parakeratosis variegata have been reported to develop into cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but there have been no reports describing the occurrence of lymphoma after a long-term follow-up period nor have T-cell receptor gene rearrangements been monitored in this disease.

Evaluation of antifungal effects of terbinafine and itraconazole using neutral red staining.

Neutral red staining is a newly described method for evaluating the viability of fungal cells. Using this method, the antifungal effects of terbinafine and itraconazole were evaluated in vitro. When the number of neutral red-positive Trichophyton mentagrophytes conidia treated with these two oral antifungals was compared with the number of culture-proved viable T.