Prevalence of congenital coronary artery anomalies of korean men detected by coronary computed tomography.

Background And Objectives: It has been demonstrated that the anomalous origin of coronary arteries (AOCA) are generally asymptomatic and rare diseases. However, some cases can cause severe life threatening events. To detect these anomalies, coronary angiographies and autopsies were used to detect coronary artery anomalies, but these procedures have limitations because of their invasiveness.

A case of balanced type double aortic arch diagnosed incidentally by transthoracic echocardiography in an asymptomatic adult patient.

A 36-year-old male patient with no remarkable medical history was admitted to our hospital for a health check up. On chest radiography, bilateral aortic notches at the level of aortic arch were shown suggesting aortic arch anomaly without any clinical symptoms. Two aortic arches were almost same-in-size on suprasternal view of transthoracic echocardiography.

Conjugated polymers and an iron complex as electrocatalytic materials for an enzyme-based biofuel cell.

Poly-5,2':5',2''-terthiophen-3'-carboxylic acid (polyTTCA) and poly-Fe(III)-[N,N'-bis[4-(5,2':5',2''-terthien-3'-yl)salicyliden]-1,2-ethanediamine] (polyFeTSED) were synthesized and electrochemically polymerized on an Au surface for use as mediators and catalysts for a biofuel cell. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of (a) the TTCA homopolymer (polyTTCA) and (b) the TTCA-FeTSED copolymer (poly(TTCA-FeTSED)) layers show a nanoparticle structure. The enzymes (glucose oxidase (GOx) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) were immobilized onto the conducting polymer layer through covalent bond formation, which allowed for direct electron transfer processes of the enzymes.

Water sensor for a nonaqueous solvent with poly(1,5-diaminonapthalene) nanofibers.

A water sensor for a nonaqueous solvent was fabricated using poly(1,5-diaminonapthalene (DAN) nanofibers, which were prepared through a catalytic chemical polymerization of the DAN monomer using Fe(III) salt as the catalyst. Poly(1,5-DAN) nanofibers were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of poly(1,5-DAN) nanofibers were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV).

An all-solid-state reference electrode based on the layer-by-layer polymer coating.

A solid-state reference electrode (SSRE) was fabricated by layering a silicone rubber (SR) film containing KCl on an AgCl surface, then a perfluorinated ionomer film, and finally a polyurethane-based membrane containing an ionophore, a lipophilic ionic additive, and a plasticizer, respectively. The addition of SiCl4 to the polyurethane-based membrane layer enhanced the strength of the membrane in an aqueous solution. The morphologies of the membranes were studied separately by SEM.

Lipid-bonded conducting polymer layers for a model biomembrane: application to superoxide biosensors.

Model biomembranes composed of poly-DATT/DGS/POPA and poly-DATT/DGS/CL were separately prepared on gold electrodes. A monolayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-succinate (DGS) was covalently bonded onto electrochemically grown poly-(3,4-diamiono-2,2:5,2-terthiophene) (DATT) layers (thickness of approximately 300 nm; particle size of approximately 50 to 70 nm). The numbers of unit molecules of the poly-DATT layer and of the DGS immobilized onto the poly-DATT layers were 1.

Functionalized conducting polymer as an enzyme-immobilizing substrate: an amperometric glutamate microbiosensor for in vivo measurements.

The functionalized conducting polymer (CP) of 5, 2':5', 2' '-terthiophene-3'-carboxylic acid on a platinum microelectrode was prepared through the electropolymerization process using cyclic voltammetry and was used as a substrate for the immobilization of enzymes. The nanoparticles of the CP were obtained at a high scan rate in the cyclic voltammetric experiment. A needle-type amperometric glutamate microbiosensor based on the covalent immobilization of glutamate oxidase (GlOx) onto the CP layer was fabricated for in vivo measurements.

Selective binding of NH4 + by redox-active crown ethers: application to a NH4 + sensor.

Two redox-active crown ethers, (1,1'- bi-2-naphthyl)-23-crown-6 incorporating 9,10-anthraquinone (BNAQ) and 1,4-benzoquinone (BNBQ), were synthesized and employed in the selective binding of NH(4)(+) over K(+). Their applications to NH(4)(+) detection were studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry in aqueous media. The results showed that the magnitude of the quinone redox peak decreased linearly as the concentration of NH(4)(+) increased, indicating the formation of BNAQ-NH(4)(+) and BNBQ-NH(4)(+) complexes.