Determining the potential targets of silybin by molecular docking and its antibacterial functions on efflux pumps and porins in uropathogenic E. coli.

Background: One of the causes of antibiotic resistance is the reduced accumulation of antibiotics in bacterial cells through pumping out the drugs. Silybin, a key component of the Silybum marianum plant, exhibits various beneficial properties, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects.

Methods And Results: Clinical isolates of E.

Trigger of apoptosis in human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) by titanium dioxide nanoparticles functionalized by glutamine and conjugated with thiosemicarbazone.

The incidence of liver cancer, the third cause of cancer-associated death, has been growing, worldwide. The increasing trend of liver cancer incidence and mortality indicates the inefficiency of current therapeutic approaches, especially anticancer chemotherapy. Owing to the promising anticancer potential of Thiosemicarbazone (TSC) complexes, this work was conducted to synthesize titanium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with TSC through glutamine functionalization (TiO@Gln-TSC NPs) and characterize their anticancer mechanism in HepG2 liver cancer cells.

Anti-apoptotic properties of N-Acetyl cysteine and its effects on of Liver X receptor and Sirtuin 1 expression in the liver of rats exposed to Lead.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of Liver X receptor (Lxr), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), apoptotic-related genes, and the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the liver of rats treated with Lead (Pb).

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including G1 (control), G2 (single dose of Pb), G3 (continuous dose of Pb), G4 (single dose of Pb + NAC), and G5 (continuous dose of Pb + NAC). Lipid profiles and liver specific enzymes were assessed.

Antitumor Activities of Green Tea by Up-regulation of miR-181a Expression in LNCaP Cells Using 3D Cell Culture Model.

Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the major reason for the high mortality rates among men worldwide. In fact, current therapeutic approaches are not successful. It appears that discovering more effective methods considering several parameters such as availability, low cost, and no toxicity to normal cells is one of the biggest challenges for interested researchers.

PANC-1 cancer stem-like cell death with silybin encapsulated in polymersomes and deregulation of stemness-related miRNAs and their potential targets.

Objectives: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have powerful self-renewal ability and tumor recurrence. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a malignancy with high mortality rate and ˃5% survival. Silybin has anticancer and hepatoprotective properties.

The effect of N-Acetyl cysteine on the expression of Fxr (Nr1h4), LXRα (Nr1h3) and Sirt1 genes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of rats exposed to different doses of cadmium.

The aim of this study was to consider the expression of farnesoid X receptor (Fxr), liver X receptor (LXRα) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the liver of rats treated with cadmium (Cd). 30 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: G1 (control), G2 (single dose of Cd), G3 (continuous dose of Cd), G4 (single dose of Cd + continuous dose of NAC), and G5 (continuous dose of Cd + continuous dose of NAC). The apoptosis of hepatic cells was measured using the TUNEL assay.

Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Genes Expression of c-myc, and Ask-1, Histopathological, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Liver of Male Rats Exposed to Cadmium.

This study aimed to consider the oxidative damage induced by cadmium (Cd) and apoptosis and the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preserving hepatic cells against Cd toxicity. Male rats were randomly divided into seven groups including G1 (control), G2 (single dose of Cd), G3 (continuous dose of Cd), G4 (single dose of Cd + continuous dose of NAC), and G5 (continuous dose of Cd + continuous dose of NAC). Hepatic cells apoptosis was measured using TUNEL assay method.

The effect of N-acetyl cysteine on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver tissue of rats exposed to cadmium.

We considered the oxidative damage induced by cadmium (Cd) and apoptosis, and the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preserving cells against Cd toxicity in the liver of male rats. NAC significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats exposed to single and continuous dose of Cd. Single and continuous exposure to Cd caused a significant increase in expression (by 1.

Apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition by silibinin encapsulated in nanoparticles in MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells and deregulation of some miRNAs.

Objectives: Silibinin, as an herbal compound, has anti-cancer activity. Because of low solubility of silibinin in water and body fluids, it was encapsulated in polymersome nanoparticles and its effects were evaluated on pancreatic cancer cells and cancer stem cells.

Materials And Methods: MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells were treated with different doses of silibinin encapsulated in polymersome nanoparticles (SPNs).

rs1016860 of BCL2 3'UTR associates with hsa-miR-629-5p binding potential in breast cancer and gastric cancer in Isfahan population.

Introduction: Breast cancer is caused by the interaction of inherited and environmental risk factors. Also, gastric cancer is the second fatal carcinoma. B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 gene family plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis by inhibiting the apoptosis process.

Silibinin encapsulation in polymersome: A promising anticancer nanoparticle for inducing apoptosis and decreasing the expression level of miR-125b/miR-182 in human breast cancer cells.

Silibinin, a polyphenolic flavonolignan, is well-known as a safe therapeutic drug without any side effects in the treatment of many malignancies especially cancerous cells. In this study, to overcome problems such as low solubility of silibinin and to enhance its delivery to cancerous cells, we encapsulated silibinin in polymersome nanoparticles. Physicochemical measurements such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy confirmed the proper encapsulation of silibinin in nanoparticles.

Antibacterial effects of curcumin encapsulated in nanoparticles on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through downregulation of efflux pumps.

Curcumin as a flavonoid from the rhizome of Curcuma longa has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity. Multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria is continuously increasing in hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin encapsulated in micellar/polymersome nanoparticles as an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) on the expression of mexX and oprM genes in curcumin-treated and -untreated isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Silibinin-Induced Apoptosis and Downregulation of MicroRNA-21 and MicroRNA-155 in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have received much attention owing to their aberrant expression in various stages of cancer. In many biological processes, miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression, and may be useful in therapeutic strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of silibinin (silybin), a natural flavonoid, on miRNA expression and attempted to elucidate therapeutic targets in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Deregulation of miR-21 and miR-155 and their putative targets after silibinin treatment in T47D breast cancer cells.

Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short RNAs that control the biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and development. Aberrant expression of miRNAs was determined in the different stages of tumor development and metastasis. To study the effect of silibinin on miRNAs expression, we evaluated quantitative expression of miR-21 and miR-155 as two oncomiRs and several potential targets in silibinin-treated T47D cells.

MicroRNAs Signature in IL-2-Induced CD4+ T Cells and Their Potential Targets.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs regulated gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Many studies have investigated role of miRNAs in the biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and development. To evaluate role of miRNAs in proliferation and death of T cell, we performed miRNA profiling in activated CD4+ T cells after IL-2 induction and depletion.

AKT family and miRNAs expression in IL-2 induced CD4(+)T cells.

Objectives: Study of non-coding RNAs is considerable to elucidate principal biological questions or design new therapeutic strategies. miRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs that their functions in PI3K/AKT signaling and apoptosis pathways after T cell activation is not entirely clear. Herein, miRNAs expression and their putative targets in the mentioned pathways were studied in the activated CD4(+)T cells.

A vector-based system for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells toward germ-line cells.

Objectives: To culture the in vitro mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and to direct their differentiation to germ-line cells; in present study we used a vector backbone containing the fusion construct Stra8-EGFP to select differentiated ES cells that entered meiosis. Retinoic acid was used to differentiate embryonic stem cells to germ cells.

Materials And Methods: A fragment of Stra8 gene promoter (-1400 to +7) was inserted in ScaI/HindIII multiple cloning site of pEGFP-1 vector.

Recurrent pregnancy loss in a subject with heterozygote factor V Leiden mutation; a case report.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, which occurs in approximately 5% of reproductive-aged women. It has been suggested that women with thrombophilia have an increased risk of pregnancy loss and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thrombophilia is an important predisposition to blood clot formation and is considered as a significant risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss.

MiR-17-92 cluster: an apoptosis inducer or proliferation enhancer.

Study of the non-coding RNA roles in the regulation of adaptive immune responses through T cells could be the basis of novel therapeutic applications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that control the cell's functions and destination. To investigate the role of miRNAs in T cell activation, herein the expressions of miR-17-92 cluster and its paralogs were studied in naïve CD4(+)T cells that were activated by anti-CD2, -CD3, -CD28 microbeads and induced with or without IL-2.