Novel X-ray sequences and crystal structures of Persian and Starry sturgeon methemoglobins: Highlighting the role of heme pocket waters in causing autoxidation.

Although there is a high sequence similarity between mammalian and fish hemoglobin (Hb), the oxidation and heme loss rates can vary greatly between them such that fish Hbs oxidise much more rapidly than mammalian Hbs. There is to date no sequence or structural data for any sturgeon Hb to reveal the level of autoxidation in these fish. In this study, novel high resolution X-ray sequences and crystal structures of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) from two sturgeon fish including Persian sturgeon (Acipenser percisus) and Starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) belonging to the Caspian sea has been determined.

Molecular insights into the effect of ozone on human hemoglobin in autohemotherapy: Highlighting the importance of the presence of blood antioxidants during ozonation.

Ozone has been known for several decades, with its antiseptic and therapeutic effects determined by the hormesis theory. It is shown that the therapeutic efficacy of ozone therapy may be partly due to the controlled and moderate oxidative stress produced by the reaction of ozone with several biological components. In this study, the effect of ozone on healthy human hemoglobin (Hb) in the whole blood environment (in the presence of antioxidants) and in the purified form (in the absence of antioxidants) is investigated using a number of different techniques including intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy as well as SDS- and Native-PAGE and dynamic light scattering.

Toxicity of serum albumin on microglia upon seeding effect of amyloid peptide.

We demonstrate in vitro cross-seeding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence of Aβ and their cytotoxic effects on microglial cells. To investigate the cross-seeding of BSA in the presence of Aβ fibrils, we examined how Aβ fibrils can function as seeds to trigger and accelerate BSA fibrillogenesis using ThT, intrinsic fluorescence, ANS fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, the effects of these fibrils on microglial viability were measured using MTT and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining.

Protection by beta-Hydroxybutyric acid against insulin glycation, lipid peroxidation and microglial cell apoptosis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is characterized jointly by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia that make insulin more prone to be glycated and evolve insulin advanced glycation end products (Insulin- AGE). Here, we report the effect of beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) (the predominant ketone body) on the formation of insulin-AGE, insulin glycation derived liposomal lipid peroxidation and insulin-AGE toxicity in microglial cells.

Methods: The inhibitory effect of BHB was monitored as a result of insulin incubation in the presence of glucose or fructose using AGE-dependent fluorescence, Tyr fluorescence as well as anilinonaphthalenesulfonate (ANS) andthioflavin T (ThT) binding, and circular dichroism (CD) investigations.

Prevention of Serum Albumin Glycation/Fibrillation by β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Nowadays, glycation induced protein aggregation and related opposing strategies have received much attention. We present the effect of functionalized magnetic core-shell nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (MNPs) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the aggregation/fibrillation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) under diabetic condition known as amyloidogenesis. To confirm the β-CD conjugation on MNP, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) methods were applied.

Adverse Effect of T-2 Toxin and the Protective Role of Selenium and Vitamin E on Peripheral Blood B lymphocytes.

Background: T-2 mycotoxin belongs to the Trichothecene family and has damaging effects on the immune system.

Objective: To investigate the toxic effect of T-2 toxin on the percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and the potential protective role of selenium and vitamin E.

Method: Frequencies of B lymphocytes (CD19+) were analyzed after injection of sublethal doses of T-2 toxin into Balb/c mice at different time points, using flowcytometry.

Immunomodulatory effects of selenium and vitamin E on alterations in T lymphocyte subsets induced by T-2 toxin.

Unlabelled: Abstract Context: T-2 toxin, a potent mycotoxin, has serious effects on immune system.

Objective: Here, the effects of a sublethal dose of this toxin on T lymphocyte sub-population levels and the potential protective effects from treatment with selenium or vitamin E were studied.

Materials And Methods: After having determined the sublethal dose of the T-2 toxin in Balb/c mice hosts, the post-injection kinetics of changes in T lymphocyte sub-population (CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells) profiles were analyzed via flow cytometry.

Denaturation and intermediates study of two sturgeon hemoglobins by n-dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide.

Varieties of hemoglobin (Hb) forms exist in fish, which are usually well adapted to the different ecological conditions or various habitats. In the current study, Hbs from two Sturgeon species of the Southern Caspian Sea Basin were purified and studied upon interaction with n-dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB; as a cationic surfactant) by various methods including UV-visible absorption, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ANS fluorescence spectrophotometry. The chemometric analysis of Hbs was investigated upon interaction with DTAB under titration, using UV-visible absorption spectra.

Biochemical characterization of hemoglobins from Caspian Sea sturgeons (Acipenser persicus and Acipenser stellatus).

Hemoglobin (Hb) variability is a commonly used index of phylogenetic differentiation and molecular adaptation in fish enabling them to adapt to different ecological conditions. In this study, the characteristics of Hbs from two Sturgeon species of the Southern Caspian Sea Basin were investigated. After extraction and separation of hemoglobin from whole blood, the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing (IEF) were used to confirm Hb variabilities in these fishes.