Monocyte-derived Galectin-9 and PD-L1 differentially impair adaptive and innate immune response in chronic HBV infection and their expression remain unaltered after antiviral therapy.

Introduction: Patients with chronic HBV infection (CHI) exhibit defective anti-viral immune-response whose underlying causes still remain unclear. Monocytes act as immune sentinels for pathogens and can regulate immunity via interaction with other immune-cells, apart from differentiating into macrophages. Immune-checkpoint molecules (ICMs) expressed by immune-cells, including monocytes are known to negatively regulate immune-responses.

Familiarity Breeds Strategy: In Silico Untangling of the Molecular Complexity on Course of Autoimmune Liver Disease-to-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Transition Predicts Novel Transcriptional Signatures.

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) often lead to transformation of the liver tissues into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the drawbacks of surgical procedures in such cases, need of successful non-invasive therapeutic strategies and treatment modalities for AILD-associated-HCC still exists. Due to the lack of clear, sufficient knowledge about factors mediating AILD-to-HCC transition, an in silico approach was adopted to delineate the underlying molecular deterministic factors.