Large impacted upper ureteral calculi: A comparative study between retrograde ureterolithotripsy and percutaneous antegrade ureterolithotripsy in the modified lateral position.

Context: The treatment for patients with large impacted proximal ureteral stone remains controversial, especially at institutions with limited resources.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare and to evaluate the outcome and complications of two main treatment procedures for impacted proximal ureteral calculi, retrograde ureterolithotripsy (URS), and percutaneous antegrade ureterolithotripsy (Perc-URS).

Settings And Design: Our inclusion criteria were solitary, radiopaque calculi, >15 mm in size in a functioning renal unit.