Comparative safety of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene versus estrogen/progestin combination hormone therapy among women in the United States: a multidatabase cohort study.

Objective: To assess the risk of select safety outcomes including endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and breast cancer among women using conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene (CE/BZA) as compared with estrogen/progestin combination hormone therapy (EP).

Methods: We conducted a new-user cohort study in five US healthcare claims databases representing more than 92 million women. We included CE/BZA or EP new users from May 1, 2014, to August 30, 2019.

Weight-based discrimination and disordered eating behaviors in a cohort of U.S. sexual minority young adults.

Objective: Though prevalent, weight-based discrimination is understudied and has been linked to disordered eating behaviors (DEB) among adolescents and adults. Sexual minority populations experience elevated risk of DEB, but little is known about the role of weight discrimination in this elevated risk.

Methods: Participants were 1257 sexual minority women and men (ages 18-31 years) in the US Growing Up Today Study cohort.

Sexual Orientation and Age at Menarche in Three U.S. Longitudinal Cohorts.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine age at menarche across sexual orientation groups.

Methods: Data were obtained from 131,090 female participants, born 1947-2001, in 3 longitudinal studies-the Growing Up Today Study and Nurses' Health Study 2 and 3. We estimated the association between sexual orientation and age at menarche using regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, birthweight, height, and body mass index.

Risk of Thyroid Cancer Associated with Use of Liraglutide and Other Antidiabetic Drugs in a US Commercially Insured Population.

Background: Quantify association between the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide and risk of thyroid cancer (TC) compared to other antidiabetics.

Patients And Methods: Initiators of liraglutide, exenatide, metformin, pioglitazone or groups of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or sulfonylureas were identified in a US health plan (2010-2014) and followed for a median of 17 months. Thyroid cancer cases during follow-up were identified via a validated algorithm.

Indoor Ultraviolet Tanning Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults: Results From a Prospective Study of Early Onset and Persistence.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to test whether those who initiate tanning during adolescence are more likely to continue tanning in young adulthood, potentially increasing their risk for melanoma.

Methods: The study included prospective data from the Growing Up Today Study, a cohort study started in 1996 (N = 5,882).

Results: Among men and women who ever indoor UV tanned, those who indoor UV tan by age 17 years consistently indoor tanned at least twice the prevalence as those who did not indoor UV tan by age 17 years.

Liraglutide use and evaluation of pancreatic outcomes in a US commercially insured population.

Aims: Both acute pancreatitis (AP) and pancreatic cancer (PC) have been areas of focus for studies of incretin drugs. This 5-year prospective cohort study aimed to quantify possible associations between liraglutide and risk of AP and PC as compared to other antidiabetic drugs (ADs).

Materials And Methods: Patients initiating liraglutide or other ADs who were enrolled in a US health plan (2010-2014) were included.

Stigma and Health-Related Quality of Life in Sexual Minorities.

Introduction: Stigma against sexual minorities is well documented, but its long-term consequences for health-related quality of life (HRQL) are unknown. This study examined stigma-related predictors of sexual orientation disparities in HRQL and their contribution to young adult HRQL disparities.

Methods: In 2013, participants (N=7,304, aged 18-31 years) reported sexual orientation (completely heterosexual [CH], mostly heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian/gay).

Gender expression associated with BMI in a prospective cohort study of US adolescents.

Objective: To examine the relationship between gender expression (GE) and BMI in adolescence.

Methods: Repeated measures of weight-related behaviors and BMI were collected from 1996 to 2011 via annual/biennial self-report surveys from youth aged 10 to 23 years (6,693 females, 2,978 males) in the longitudinal Growing Up Today Study. GE (very conforming [referent], mostly conforming, nonconforming) was assessed in 2010/11.

A cross-sectional study of the identification of prevalent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among initiators of long-acting β-agonists in health insurance claims data.

Background: Claims data are potentially useful for identifying long-acting β-agonist (LABA) use by patients with asthma, a practice that is associated with increased mortality. We evaluated the accuracy of claims data for classifying prevalent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among initiators of LABAs.

Methods: This study included adult LABA initiators during 2005-2008 in a US commercial health plan.

Follow-up study of a pharmacovigilance signal: no evidence of increased risk with risperidone of pituitary tumor with mass effect.

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance studies of spontaneous adverse event report databases are used to raise hypotheses about potential safety events. Such studies have found a disproportionately higher number of pituitary tumor reports for risperidone. Because there is a high prevalence of clinically "silent" pituitary adenomas, any increased workup in risperidone users, for example, secondary to hyperprolactinemia, might account for the increased reports.

Linkage of routinely collected oncology clinical data with health insurance claims data--an example with aromatase inhibitors, tamoxifen, and all-cause mortality.

Purpose: Studies of cancer based solely on health insurance claims data typically lack information on cancer clinical characteristics that are strong predictors of treatment and prognosis. Our objective was to evaluate routinely collected cancer clinical data for adjustment of confounding using an example evaluation of mortality associated with aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen.

Methods: This cohort study identified women with breast cancer from 2008 through 2010 using health insurance claims data linked to clinical information on stage at diagnosis, current clinical status, histology, and other clinical markers.

Screening high school students for eating disorders: validity of brief behavioral and attitudinal measures.

Background: Early identification can greatly impact the trajectory of eating disorders, and school-based screening is 1 avenue for identifying those at risk. To be feasible in a school setting, a screening program must use a brief, valid screening tool. The aim of this study was to assess how well brief attitudinal and behavioral survey items identify adolescents at risk in a large sample of high school students from across the United States.

A matched cohort study of the risk of cancer in users of becaplermin.

Background: Becaplermin is recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for topical administration that might plausibly be related to cancer risk. Extended follow-up of patients from clinical trials of becaplermin compared with placebo identified a relative risk of cancer of 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.

The thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone and the risk of coronary heart disease: a retrospective cohort study using a US health insurance database.

Background: The thiazolidinediones (TZDs), including rosiglitazone maleate and pioglitazone hydrochloride, are commonly prescribed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although recent meta-analyses suggest there is an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among rosiglitazone users, these findings were not supported by data from other studies.

Objective: The goal of this research was to compare the risk of MI, coronary revascularization (CR), and sudden death in patients who began rosiglitazone therapy versus those who began pioglitazone therapy.

Active influenza vaccine safety surveillance: potential within a healthcare claims environment.

Background: Rapid safety assessment of novel vaccines, especially those targeted against pandemic influenza, is a public health priority.

Objectives: Assess the feasibility of using healthcare claims data to rapidly detect influenza vaccine adverse events using sequential analytic methods.

Research Design: Retrospective pilot study simulating prospective surveillance using 6 cumulative monthly administrative claims data extracts.

Sexual orientation disparities in purging and binge eating from early to late adolescence.

Purpose: To describe patterns of purging and binge eating from early through late adolescence in female and male youth across a range of sexual orientations.

Methods: Using data from the prospective Growing Up Today Study, a large cohort of U.S.

Sexual orientation disparities in weight status in adolescence: findings from a prospective study.

A growing number of studies among adult women have documented disparities in overweight adversely affecting lesbian and bisexual women, but few studies have examined sexual orientation-related patterns in weight status among men or adolescents. We examined sexual orientation group trends in BMI (kg/m(2)), BMI Z-scores, and overweight using 56,990 observations from 13,785 adolescent females and males in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), a large prospective cohort of US youth. Participants provided self-reported information from six waves of questionnaire data collection from 1998 to 2005.

Screening high school students for eating disorders: results of a national initiative.

Introduction: Early identification and treatment of disordered eating and weight control behaviors may prevent progression and reduce the risk of chronic health consequences.

Methods: The National Eating Disorders Screening Program coordinated the first-ever nationwide eating disorders screening initiative for high schools in the United States in 2000. Students completed a self-report screening questionnaire that included the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and items on vomiting or exercising to control weight, binge eating, and history of treatment for eating disorders.

Irregular menses linked to vomiting in a nonclinical sample: findings from the National Eating Disorders Screening Program in high schools.

Purpose: Using data from an eating disorders screening initiative conducted in high schools across the United States, we examined the relationship between vomiting frequency and irregular menses in a nonclinical sample of adolescent females.

Methods: A self-report questionnaire was administered to students from U.S.

Incidence of allergic reactions associated with antibacterial use in a large, managed care organisation.

Background: Data on the incidence of serious allergic reactions to fluoroquinolone antibacterials are mainly derived from spontaneous reports that cannot be used to accurately estimate incidence.

Methods: This study estimated the drug-specific incidence of serious allergic reactions after fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin and phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium exposure, using claims for healthcare services with confirmation through medical record abstraction within a large health insurer database. Cohorts exposed to each antibacterial of interest (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, cephalosporins and penicillin) were identified, and followed for 14 days for anaphylaxis (9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-9] code 995.

Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents.

Background: There is conflicting evidence on the reduction of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents.

Objectives: To compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularization (CR) in type 2 diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylurea.

Methods: Using data from a large US insurer, we created propensity-matched cohorts.

Sexual orientation, gender, and alcohol use in a cohort study of U.S. adolescent girls and boys.

Background: Sexual minority youth may be at elevated risk for alcohol use relative to heterosexual youth, but the reasons underlying higher rates and whether there may be gender differences in risk are not known.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from 9731 early and middle adolescent girls and boys in the Growing Up Today Study in 1999 were examined to assess sexual orientation and gender patterns in alcohol use. Multivariable regression models estimated associations between sexual orientation and alcohol-related behaviors, such as binge drinking and drinking before age 12 years.

Sexual orientation, weight concerns, and eating-disordered behaviors in adolescent girls and boys.

Objective: To examine sexual orientation group differences in eating disorder symptoms in adolescent girls and boys.

Method: Cross-sectional associations were examined using multivariate regression techniques using data gathered in 1999 from 10,583 adolescents in the Growing Up Today Study, a cohort of children of women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Results: Ninety-two percent of the cohort described themselves as heterosexual, 5% as mostly heterosexual, 1% as lesbian/gay/bisexual, and 2% as unsure.