Aphidicidal activity of nano-emulsions of spearmint oil and carvone against Rhopalosiphum maidis and Sitobion avenae.

Different species of aphids, responsible for severe yield losses of cereal crops including wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.) are managed by insecticides, which are harmful to organisms and the environment under field conditions. Therefore, an environment friendly aphidicidal product of plant origin is required.

Novel indazolylchromones: synthesis, fungicidal evaluation, molecular docking and aquatic toxicity prediction.

Fungal diseases cause substantial loss to agricultural crops, affecting both quantities and quality. Although several methods are used for preventing disease incidence, fungicides remain crucial for higher yields and better quality. But in the past, the efficacy of several fungicides has decreased due to increased cases of fungicide resistant.

Unravelling the effect of extraction on anthocyanin functionality and prebiotic potential.

Anthocyanins, considered as prebiotic ingredients for functional foods, were extracted from black soybean (BS), black grape (BG), black carrot (BCPm), and black rice (BR) using conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study employed a split-plot design with CSE and MAE as main plot factors and anthocyanin extracts (AEs) as subplot factors. Anthocyanins were evaluated for stability (polymeric color, degradation index) and functionality (antioxidant capacity).

Green synthesis, structure-activity relationships, molecular docking, and antifungal activities of novel prenylated chalcones.

A series of 16 novel prenylated chalcones () was synthesized by microwave-assisted green synthesis using 5-prenyloxy-2-hydroxyacetophenone and different benzaldehydes. Comparisons were also performed between the microwave and conventional methods in terms of the reaction times and yields of all compounds, where the reaction times in the microwave and conventional methods were 1-4 min and 12-48 h, respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, including IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, and LC-HRMS.

Bio-Intensive Tactics for the Management of Invasive Fall Armyworm for Organic Maize Production.

(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest native to the American continent.

Synthesis of benzothiazole-appended bis-triazole-based structural isomers with promising antifungal activity against .

In order to explore new antifungal agrochemicals, we reported the synthesis of two series 5a-f, 6 and 7a-f, 8 of benzothiazole-appended bis-triazole derivative-based structural isomers using a molecular hybridization approach. The synthesized compounds were tested for fungal growth inhibition against the plant pathogen . All the synthesized compounds showed excellent antifungal activity in their minimum concentrations (10-0.

Bioefficacy evaluation of ferrocenyl chalcones against and infestation in tomato.

The present study reports, bioefficacy evaluation of effective compounds against and in pot cultured tomato. The identified five most effective compounds, i.e.

Parthenin-A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multifaceted Biological Activities: Insights and Prospects.

Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of pseudoguaianolide type, is the representative secondary metabolite of the tropical weed (Asteraceae). It accounts for a multitude of biological activities, including toxicity, allergenicity, allelopathy, and pharmacological aspects of the plant. Thus far, parthenin and its derivatives have been tested for chemotherapeutic abilities, medicinal properties, and herbicidal/pesticidal activities.

Bioefficacy evaluation of chalcone derivatives against infecting rice, L.

A series of chalcones () were synthesized, characterized (using IR and 1H NMR techniques), and evaluated with an objective to manage rice root-knot nematode (RRKN) () both under pluronic gel and field conditions. Out of these fourteen compounds, 1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-phenyl-propenone () and 1,3-diphenyl-propenone () showed promising and dose dependent activity at 10, 20, and 40 mg L. A significant reduction in penetration of second stage juveniles (Js) in rice roots was observed in compounds (9.

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and QSAR Studies of 3-Iodochromone Derivatives as Potential Fungicides.

Despite the emergence of novel biotechnological and biological solutions, agrochemicals continue to play an important role in crop protection. Fungicide resistance is becoming a major problem; numerous cases of fungicide resistance have occurred worldwide in the last decade, resulting in the loss of several fungicides. The discovery of new molecules has therefore assumed critical importance in crop protection.

Microwave assisted synthesis, characterization and biological activities of ferrocenyl chalcones and their QSAR analysis: Part II.

A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbonyl group, and different aldehydes were synthesized and their bioefficacy evaluation was done against , and In continuation of our quest for potent crop protection products, in the present study, a series of 18 substituted ferrocenyl chalcones were synthesized in which ferrocenyl group was attached to the aldehyde moiety, using ferrocenecarboxyaldehyde and different acetophenones by microwave method (MM) and conventional method (CM) [: MM 1 to 5 min; CM 12-40 h] and characterized by various techniques viz. IR, LC-HRMS, H-NMR and C-NMR. fungicidal activity showed that compound, (2)-1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one ( (ED = 21.

Amphiphilic polymer based nanoformulations of mancozeb for management of early blight in tomato.

Controlled release (CR) nanoformulations of Mancozeb (Manganese-zinc double salt of -bisdithiocarbamic acid), a protective fungicide, have been developed using poly (ethylene glycols) (PEGs) based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers and evaluated for the management of early blight in tomato. During the field experiment, it was observed that number of infected leaflets/plants were less in developed formulation treated plants as compared to commercial products. Number of infected leaflets per plant was 2.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Ferrocenyl Chalcones and Their QSAR Analysis.

A new microwave method (MM) has been developed for the synthesis of a series of 16 substituted ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene () with different aldehydes () and comparing it with conventional method (CM). The synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques IR, HR-MS, H NMR, and C NMR. The time required for completion of reaction in MM varied from 1 to 5 min as compared to CM which required 10-40 h.

Insecticidal activity of phenolic acid amides against brown planthopper (BPH), (Stål) and their QSAR analysis.

A series of 42 phenolic acid amides, synthesized using different phenolic acids (salicylic acid, 3-hydroxy cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and amines (propyl amine, hexyl amine, heptyl amine, undecyl amine, hexadecyl amine, octadecyl amine) were screened for their insecticidal activities against Brown Planthopper (BPH), . These phenolic acid amides showed moderate to good insecticidal activity with the lowest LC value of 63.84 ppm from N-propyl-2-hydroxycinnamamide.

Development, validation of QuEChERS-based method for simultaneous determination of multiclass pesticide residue in milk, and evaluation of the matrix effect.

Extraction and quantification of pesticide residue from the milk matrix at or below the established maximum residue limit (MRL) is a challenging task for both analytical chemists and the regulatory institutions to take corrective actions for the human health and safety. The main aim of the study is to develop a simple rapid and less expensive QuEChERS extraction and cleanup method for simultaneous analysis of 41 multiclass pesticide residue in milk by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), followed by confirmation of the residues with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Effect of sorbent type, temperature, spiking concentration, matrix effect (ME), measurement uncertainty (MU), inter- and intra-assay repeatability, reproducibility of recovery, and trueness of the results were investigated to validate the effectiveness of the method.

Sorption kinetics and isotherm modelling of imidacloprid on bentonite and organobentonites.

Bentonite was modified by quaternary ammonium cations viz. cetytrimethylammonium (CTA), cetylpyridinium (CP), rioctylmethylammonium (TOM) and pcholine (PTC) at 100% cation exchange capacity of bentonite and was characterized by X-ray diffraction, CHNS elemental analyser and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sorption of imidacloprid on organobentonites/bentonite was studied by batch method.

Eco-friendly PEG-based controlled release nano-formulations of Mancozeb: Synthesis and bioefficacy evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.

Controlled release (CR) nano-formulations of Mancozeb (manganese-zinc double salt of N,N-bisdithiocarbamic acid), a protective fungicide, have been prepared using laboratory-synthesized poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs)-based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers without using any surfactants or external additives. The release kinetics of the developed Mancozeb CR formulations were studied and compared with that of commercially available 42% suspension concentrate and 75% wettable powder. Maximum amount of Mancozeb was released on 42nd day for PEG-600 and octyl chain, PEG-1000 and octyl chain, and PEG-600 and hexadecyl chain, on 35th day for PEG-1000 and hexadecyl chain, on 28th day for PEG-1500 and octyl chain, PEG-2000 and octyl chain, PEG-1500 and hexadecyl chain, and PEG-2000 and hexadecyl chain in comparison to both commercial formulations (15th day).

Microwave synthesis, characterization, and bio-efficacy of novel halogenated Schiff bases.

A new series of halogenated Schiff bases was synthesized by the condensation of 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy acetophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy acetophenone with different alkyl amines, namely propyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl amines, under microwave irradiation. Newly formed molecules were characterized by Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Further, the Schiff bases were screened for antifungal bioassay, and the results showed potential fungicidal activity against two very important plant infecting fungi, viz.

Identification of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid gene (phc CD) from Bacillus pumilus MTCC7615 and its role in antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani.

Bacillus pumilus MTCC7615, a biocontrol agent isolated from rice rhizosphere was characterized to be antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani, the pathogen causing sheath blight disease of rice. The phenazine-1-carboxylic acid gene (phc CD) of this bacterium was PCR amplified (1400 bp), cloned, and sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of two ORFs of phc CD gene commonly found in Pseudomonas species.

Role of nano-range amphiphilic polymers in seed quality enhancement of soybean and imidacloprid retention capacity on seed coatings.

Background: Nano-size and wide-range solubility of amphiphilic polymers (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks) can improve uniformity in seed coatings. An investigation was carried out to assess the positive effect of amphiphilic polymers over hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers as seed coating agents and pesticide carriers.

Results: Amphiphilic polymers with 127.

Development of slow release formulations of β-carotene employing amphiphilic polymers and their release kinetics study in water and different pH conditions.

β-carotene, a potent antioxidant, has been encapsulated and slow release (SR) formulations were prepared using laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the developed formulations were determined which ranged from 22.60 to 28.

Development of controlled release nanoformulations of carbendazim employing amphiphilic polymers and their bioefficacy evaluation against Rhizoctonia solani.

Controlled release nanoformulations of carbendazim (Methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), a systemic fungicide, have been prepared using laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs)-based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers. The release kinetics of carbendazim from developed controlled release (CR) formulations was studied and compared with that of the commercially available 50% Wettable Powder (WP). Further, the bioefficacy evaluation of developed formulations was done against plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani by the poison food technique method.

Developing Global Leaders for Research, Regulation, and Stewardship of Crop Protection Chemistry in the 21st Century.

To provide sufficient food and fiber to the increasing global population, the technologies associated with crop protection are growing ever more sophisticated but, at the same time, societal expectations for the safe use of crop protection chemistry tools are also increasing. The goal of this perspective is to highlight the key issues that face future leaders in crop protection, based on presentations made during a symposium titled "Developing Global Leaders for Research, Regulation and Stewardship of Crop Protection Chemistry in the 21st Century", held in conjunction with the IUPAC 13th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry in San Francisco, CA, USA, during August 2014. The presentations highlighted the fact that leaders in crop protection must have a good basic scientific training and understand new and evolving technologies, are aware of the needs of both developed and developing countries, and have good communication skills.

Development of controlled release formulations of thiram employing amphiphilic polymers and their bioefficacy evaluation in seed quality enhancement studies.

Controlled release formulations of Thiram (Dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl-N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate), a contact fungicide, have been prepared using laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers. The kinetics of thiram from developed controlled release (CR) formulations were studied in comparison with that of the commercially available 75 WS. Release from the commercial formulation was faster than with the developed CR formulations.