Efficient feedback linearization control for an IPMSM of EVs based on improved firefly algorithm.

The conventional direct torque control (DTC) has high torque and stator flux fluctuation that causes the stator current distortion. This paper presents an efficient control method based on the feedback-linearization direct torque control (FL-DTC) method for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive by using an improved firefly algorithm. The proposed approach can greatly restrain the poor performance of torque and stator flux.

Breast-conserving surgery versus modified radical mastectomy in treatment of early stage breast cancer: A retrospective study of 107 cases.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of breast-conserving surgery versus modified radical mastectomy in the treatment of early stage breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred and nineteen cases of early stage breast cancer were reviewed and retrospectively included in this study form two hospitals (Quzhou hospital of Zhejiang university and Quzhou Traditional Chinese Hospital). The characteristics of operation procedure such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups.

Mechanism of fluorescent cocoon sex identification for silkworms Bombyx mori.

By using silkworms, Bombyx mori, fluorescent cocoon sex identification (FCSI) as an experimental material, direct fluorescence spectrometry of the cocoon surface indicates that the fluorescent color of silkworm cocoons is made up of two peaks of yellow and blue-purple fluorescence emission. The fluorescent difference between male and female cocoons is attributed to the differential absorption of yellow fluorescent substances by the midgut tissue of 5th instar female silkworms. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fluorescent spectra indicate that blue-purple fluorescent substances are composed of at least five blue-purple fluorescent pigments, and yellow fluorescent substances are made up of at least three.