2-Deoxy-d-glucose induces deglycosylation of proinflammatory cytokine receptors and strongly reduces immunological responses in mouse models of inflammation.

Anti-proinflammatory cytokine therapies against interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1 are major advancements in treating inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. Such therapies are mainly performed by injection of antibodies against cytokines or cytokine receptors. We initially found that the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a simple monosaccharide, attenuated cellular responses to IL-6 by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation of the IL-6 receptor gp130.

CDX2-positive breast cancer presented with axillary lymph node metastases: A case report.

Background: The caudal type homeobox 2 transcription factor (CDX2) is a specific and sensitive marker for intestinal carcinoma, but usually not expressed in breast cancer. In CDX2-positive metastatic cancer of occult primary, the origin is highly suspicious of an enteric carcinoma.

Case Presentation: A 50-year-old woman complained of enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) in the right axilla.

Inhibitor for protein disulfide-isomerase family A member 3 enhances the antiproliferative effect of inhibitor for mechanistic target of rapamycin in liver cancer: An study on combination treatment with everolimus and 16F16.

mTOR is involved in the proliferation of liver cancer. However, the clinical benefit of treatment with mTOR inhibitors for liver cancer is controversial. Protein disulfide isomerase A member 3 (PDIA3) is a chaperone protein, and it supports the assembly of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and stabilizes signaling.

High Expression of p21 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Clear-cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: DNA damage response (DDR), wherein p21 is a cell fate determinant, is a potential cancer therapeutic target. Molecular expression during DDR was explored in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (CCC).

Materials And Methods: CHK1, CHK2, TP53 and p21 expression in DDR was examined using immunostaining in surgical sections of CCC (n=22).

Utility of duct-washing cytology for detection of early breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge: A comparative study with fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Background: Pathological nipple discharge (PND) is a relatively common symptom of breast cancer affecting the nipple. Mammary ductscopy (MD) allows direct visualization of the ductal lumen and collection of a cytological specimen using duct-washing cytology (DWC). Herein, we clarified the diagnostic efficacy of DWC for the detection of breast cancers with PND, compared with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Three cases of follicular pancreatitis: association between radiological findings and pathological features.

Follicular pancreatitis (FP) is characterized by nodular mass composed of lymphoid hyperplasia and fibrosis. We here present radiological and pathological features of three cases of FP. The three patients were middle- or old-aged men, and nodular mass was pointed out at health examination.

Expression level of long noncoding RNA H19 of normotensive placentas in late pregnancy relates to the fetal growth restriction.

Aim: Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The long noncoding RNA H19 gene is expressed abundantly in placental villi and recent studies suggest that it regulates FGR. However, the role of H19 in the FGR placenta remains unclear.

In vitro and in vivo studies on the association of long non‑coding RNAs H19 and urothelial cancer associated 1 with the susceptibility to 5‑fluorouracil in rectal cancer.

There is no predictive biomarker for response to 5‑fluorouracil (5FU)‑based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in rectal cancer. In the present study, we examined potential long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) linked to the susceptibility to 5FU in cultured colorectal cancer cells, and in biopsy and resected tissues of 31 human rectal cancer cases treated with NAC. Candidate lncRNAs for the prediction of susceptibility to 5FU were investigated by comprehensive analysis of expression profiles of 84 lncRNAs in cultured cells using PCR array.

Histology and molecular biology studies on the expression and localization of angiopoietin-like protein 8 in human tissues.

Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 8 regulates the partitioning of triglycerides by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase in muscle and adipose tissues. ANGPTL8 is expressed in the liver and adipose tissue and secreted into the blood. However, the precise localization of ANGPTL8-expressing cells in these tissues remains unknown.

Farnesoid X receptor induces cell death and sensitizes to TRAIL-induced inhibition of growth in colorectal cancer cells through the up-regulation of death receptor 5.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) exhibits critical anti-cancer functions in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated pharmacological activation of FXR with the synthetic agonist GW4064 using comprehensive proteomic analysis in colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW480, and DLD1).

Incidence of V600E mutation in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a single-institution experience.

Objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for 95% of all thyroid carcinomas. PTC is an epithelial tumor characterized by the proliferation of follicular cells with distinctive nuclear features, and is heterogeneous in terms of its carcinogenesis and behavior. PTC has been associated with several genetic abnormalities, of which the V600E mutation is the most common.

Superficial Myofibroblastoma in the Vulva Mimicking Aggressive Angiomyxoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Superficial myofibroblastoma (SMF) is a very rare benign mesenchymal tumor in the female lower genital tract. Only 46 cases have been reported in the English language literature, among which only 7 cases arose in the vulva. Sometimes SMF histologically mimics aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) in which massive myxoid change in stroma is characteristic.

Toll‑like receptor 4 plays a tumor‑suppressive role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key regulator of the innate immune system, is expressed not only in immune cells, but also in a number of cancer cells. A biological role for TLR4 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), however, is unclear. In this study, we first examined TLR4 expression and localization in cases of SCC, actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (BD) by immunohistochemistry.

Exfoliation of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells in the Ascites of a 50-Year-Old Woman: Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review.

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a nonepithelial tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation and typically affects adolescents and young adults. The cytological features of ARMS in body fluid have not been well characterized, which complicates diagnosis. Here, we describe the cytological features of ARMS in the ascites of a 50-year-old woman with an intra-abdominal mass and abundant ascites.

Relationship between genetic alterations and clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by proliferation of follicular cells with distinctive nuclear features such as ground glass appearance, nuclear groove and pseudoinclusion. From the proliferation pattern, PTC is divided into several histological subtypes; conventional histology is classified as papillary type, and there are also follicular and solid variants. PTC is heterogeneous in genetic alterations.

Expression of protein disulfide isomerase A3 and its clinicopathological association in gastric cancer.

Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a chaperone protein that supports the folding and processing of synthesized proteins. Its expression is associated with the prognosis of laryngeal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse glioma and uterine cervical cancer. In the present study, the expression levels of PDIA3 and its clinicopathological association were examined in 52 cases of gastric cancer (GC).

Downregulation of protein disulfide‑isomerase A3 expression inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Protein disulfide‑isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a chaperone protein that modulates folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Previous studies reported that increased expression of PDIA3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a marker for poor prognosis. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood.

Biological effects of ion beam irradiation on perennial gentian and apple.

The development of new varieties of perennial plants generally requires lengthy and laborious procedures. In this study, we used ion beam irradiation mutagenesis in an attempt to accelerate the breeding process for perennial plants. We evaluated the biological effects of five ion beam sources (carbon, neon, argon, silicon, and iron) and neutron irradiation on Japanese gentian and apple.

Prognostic utility of atypical mitoses in patients with breast cancer: A comparative study with Ki67 and phosphohistone H3.

Background And Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that the presence of atypical mitoses is associated with poor prognosis in some types of cancer, but its clinical significance remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the occurrence of atypical mitoses in breast cancers.

Methods: Mitotic figures, including normal and atypical mitoses, were assessed in resected histological sections from 109 patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type (ICNST).

Crystalloid Granuloma of Parotid Gland: A Case Report With Review of the Literature.

Crystalloid granuloma (CG) of salivary gland is an extremely rare inflammatory disease, and only 6 cases have been reported in the English literature. CG is histologically characterized by a granulomatous reaction to amylase crystalloid deposition. A 73-year-old woman presented with a painful left neck mass.

Enhanced Sternal Healing Through Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biodegradable Gelatin Hydrogel.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains numerous growth factors and promotes bone fracture healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the controlled release of PRP from biodegradable gelatin hydrogel for promoting healing in a rabbit ischemic sternal model. PRP was prepared from the whole blood of a Japanese white rabbit.

2-Deoxy-d-glucose increases GFAT1 phosphorylation resulting in endoplasmic reticulum-related apoptosis via disruption of protein N-glycosylation in pancreatic cancer cells.

The glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) causes energy starvation, affecting cell viability in a wide range of cancer cell lines. To determine the action of 2DG in pancreatic cancer, we performed proteomic analysis of pancreatic cancer cell line after 2DG treatment. Eighty proteins showed differential expression and among these, proteins involved in phosphohexose metabolism were upregulated.

Intramuscular Epithelioid Sarcoma Presenting as Extrinsic Flexor Tightness in the Forearm.

Epithelioid sarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma involving predominantly the distal extremities of adolescents and young adults. Its rarity makes it difficult to diagnose accurately and treat properly in the early stages. We discuss the delayed diagnosis of a 37-year-old man who presented with extrinsic flexor tightness of the wrist and fingers.

Breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: A cytological-pathological correlation with a literature review.

Breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is a rare disease characterized by the infiltration of OGCs in the tumor; however, cytological aspects of this tumor type remain elusive. We examined the cytological features in fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy smears obtained from 5 patients who were histologically diagnosed with breast carcinoma with OGCs. We compared FNA and clinicopathological findings with results from the published literature.

Carcinosarcoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Submandibular Gland in a 64-Year-Old Man: A Case Report.

Carcinosarcoma (CS) is a rare tumor, consisting of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. In this paper, we present a case of CS arising from a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the submandibular gland. A 64-year-old Japanese man presented with a left submandibular mass that had developed for 20 years with complaints of pain for the last 3 months.