Electrochemical methods for the determination of antibiotic residues in milk: A critical review.

Several antibiotics have been applied to veterinary medicine due to their broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity and prophylactic power. Residues of these antibiotics can be accumulated in dairy cattle, in addition to promoting contamination of the environment and, in more serious cases, in milk, causing a public health problem. Different regulatory agencies establish maximum residue limits for these antibiotics in milk, so it becomes important to develop sensitive analytical methods for monitoring these compounds.

Simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead and copper in chocolate samples by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry.

In this work, an effective and simple method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead and copper in chocolate samples by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). An ultrasonic bath was used for the extraction of cadmium, lead and copper from fourteen chocolate samples using HNO solution (7 mol L). The electrochemical system consisted of a cell with three electrodes and HCl solution (10 mmol L) as the supporting electrolyte.

Classification of frankfurters by FT-Raman spectroscopy and chemometric methods.

Frankfurters are widely consumed all over the world, and the production requires a wide range of meat and non-meat ingredients. Due to these characteristics, frankfurters are products that can be easily adulterated with lower value meats, and the presence of undeclared species. Adulterations are often still difficult to detect, due the fact that the adulterant components are usually very similar to the authentic product.