Ocular Syphilis - Clinical Features and Outcome in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Patients from a Tertiary Eye Center from India - A Comparative Study.

Purpose: To study and compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of ocular syphilis between HIV positive and HIV negative patients.

Methods: Retrospective hospital-based case series from a tertiary eye care hospital in India. Patients with uveitis and positive syphilis serology were included.

Evaluating the potential mediating role of ADAMTS13 activity in the relationship between obesity and the severity of COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Obesity and low enzyme A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-1 motif-13 (ADAMTS13) activity have been linked to poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that obesity may influence ADAMTS13 activity, it is feasible; however, it remains unclear whether ADAMTS13 activity acts as a mediator between obesity and COVID-19 outcomes. We investigated the link between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 outcomes, using ADAMTS13 activity as a mediator.

Interleukin-6 and the determinants of severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Cytokines, notably interleukin-6 (IL-6), increase considerably in patients with severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This vigorous immune response may cause end-organ failure or death; hence, measuring IL-6 in the context of patient characteristics may help predict outcomes and encourage early comprehensive therapy. This study investigated the association between serum IL-6 levels, COVID-19 severity, and demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics.

Demystifying Ocular Syphilis - A Major Review.

Syphilis, caused by the spirochaete, Treponema pallidum, continues to be a public health challenge globally with its rates steadily increasing in the past few years. The disease is transmitted through small breaks in the skin during sexual contact, or via congenital transmission in utero, either across the placenta or by contact with an active genital lesion during delivery. Estimated 5.

Role of Swept source optical coherence tomography in management of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in the management of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's (VKH) disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT images of acute VKH patients between January 2015 and February 2020 in a tertiary eye care hospital.

Results: We studied 34 eyes of 17 patients with acute probable VKH disease.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy as a tool in the evaluation and management of ocular hypotony in uveitis.

Purpose: Chronic uveitis can lead to hypotony that may result in severe visual impairment. We highlight the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as an imaging tool to decide the modality of therapy and management of uveitic hypotony.

Methods: This was a retrospective hospital-based interventional case-series study that included a total of 36 eyes of 25 patients with uveitic hypotony seen between January 1997 and January 2020.

Prognostication of the neurological outcome of tethered cord based on intraoperative neuromonitoring findings: how close can we get?

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data in surgery for tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children to the neurological outcome at 1-year follow-up.

Methods: 208 consecutive patients operated on for TCS, between January 2011 to February 2020, under electrophysiological monitoring in the Division of Paediatric Neurosurgery, AIMS, Kochi, India, were included. Their preoperative neurological, urological and orthopaedic status were compared with the postoperative status at 1 year follow-up.

Histopathology and Molecular Biology Study of an Eyeball of a Case of Acute Retinal Necrosis.

Purpose: To report a histopathology and molecular biology study of an eyeball of a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: Histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology of an enucleated globe of acute retinal necrosis 6 years after the onset of ARN.

Results: Histopathology showed persistence of chronic inflammatory cells with herpes virus inclusion body.

Utility of Treponemal Testing from Aqueous Fluid in the Diagnosis of Ocular Syphilis in Patients with HIV/AIDS.

Purpose: Ocular syphilis is re-emerging globally especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Atypical manifestations of ocular syphilis and/or other associated opportunistic infections often lead to a diagnostic dilemma. We evaluated the utility of aqueous humor (AH) hemagglutination assay (TPHA) titers in the diagnosis of ocular syphilis.

Tubercular panophthalmitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Proven clinicopathologically and by molecular diagnostic tests.

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) commonly presents as choroidal tubercles or granuloma. We report a rare presentation of OTB with hypopyon granulomatous uveitis in a patient with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

Tubercular subretinal abscess in a pediatric intermediate uveitis patient on methotrexate.

Pediatric intermediate uveitis (IU), usually idiopathic, can also be associated with tuberculosis (TB) and sarcoidosis. A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed with idiopathic IU after ruling out TB and sarcoid. She was treated with oral steroids and methotrexate (MTX) with good inflammation control.

Coats-like response in tubercular subretinal abscess masquerading as melanoma as the initial manifestation of miliary tuberculosis.

Ocular neoplasia can masquerade as an inflammatory condition and vice-versa, which if untreated, can lead to loss of vision or even life. We present a young immunocompetent adult male referred to us as choroidal melanoma. He had a large atypical choroidal mass and exudative retinal detachment.

Human immunodeficiency virus and intraocular inflammation in the era of highly active anti retroviral therapy - An update.

Intraocular inflammation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is commonly due to infectious uveitis. Ocular lesions due to opportunistic infections (OI) are the most common and have been described extensively in the pre highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Many eye lesions were classified as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses.

Dietary amino acid intakes associated with a low-phenylalanine diet combined with amino acid medical foods and glycomacropeptide medical foods and neuropsychological outcomes in subjects with phenylketonuria.

This article provides original data on median dietary intake of 18 amino acids from amino acid medical foods, glycomacropeptide medical foods, and natural foods based on 3-day food records obtained from subjects with phenylketonuria who consumed low-phenylalanine diets in combination with amino acid medical foods and glycomacropeptide medical foods for 3 weeks each in a crossover design. The sample size of 30 subjects included 20 subjects with classical phenylketonuria and 10 with a milder or variant form of phenylketonuria. Results are presented for the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; the tests were administered at the end of each 3-week dietary treatment with amino acid medical foods and glycomacropeptide medical foods.

Metabolomic changes demonstrate reduced bioavailability of tyrosine and altered metabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway with ingestion of medical foods in phenylketonuria.

Background: Deficiencies of the monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine synthesized from Tyr and serotonin synthesized from Trp, are of concern in PKU. Our objective was to utilize metabolomics analysis to assess monoamine metabolites in subjects with PKU consuming amino acid medical foods (AA-MF) and glycomacropeptide medical foods (GMP-MF).

Methods: Subjects with PKU consumed a low-Phe diet combined with AA-MF or GMP-MF for 3weeks each in a randomized, controlled, crossover study.

Single High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation to Neonatal Piglets Results in a Transient Dose Response in Extrahepatic Organs and Sustained Increases in Liver Stores.

Neonatal vitamin A (VA) supplementation is being evaluated as a public health policy for preventing infant mortality, but inconsistencies in mortality trials demand mechanistic work to determine biological plausibility. We investigated the absorption, distribution, and storage of single large oral VA doses administered shortly after birth. Fifty pregnant sows () were fed a VA-free diet.