Compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss: the direct-to-consumer market in Colorado.

Background: High prices and other access barriers have contributed to the rise of a market for compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss in the United States. This market has not been systematically studied. We conducted a pilot study to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and advertising content of direct-to-consumer providers of compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 products for weight loss in Colorado.

Healthcare Financing in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review.

Saudi Vision 2030 is a game-changer for all aspects of the economy, including healthcare. This article provides a comprehensive overview of healthcare financing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It identifies key healthcare financing challenges that must be addressed to achieve the initiative's envisioned health system goals.

The epidemiology and clinical presentation of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a US population.

Objective: To define the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in a large US health system.

Methods: We completed a retrospective observational study of adult patients in the University of Colorado Health System from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020, using Health Data Compass (HDC), a data warehouse that combines electronic health information with claims and public health data in Colorado. We screened HDC for patients with either (1) an abnormal aquaporin-4 IgG test or (2) any G36 ICD-10 code.

Remote ischaemic conditioning for neurological disorders-a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) refers to the use of controlled transient ischemic and reperfusion cycles, commonly of the upper or lower limb, to mitigate cellular damage from ischaemic injury. Preclinical studies demonstrate that RIC may have a neuroprotective effect and therefore could represent a novel therapeutic option in the management of neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to comprehensively describe the current clinical evidence of RIC in neurological disorders.

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

Dorzolamide intermediates with potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Dorzolamide (DZD), a Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor clinically used to lower intraocular pressure, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects owing to the drug's ability to inhibit the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)-mediated signalling in macrophages. Here, we investigated whether DZD intermediates also demonstrate any anti-inflammatory property like DZD but with a reduced inhibition of CA. We found that several intermediates of DZD show increased binding to TIRAP at the common interface of kinases, such as Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK).

Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (BICAACs): synthesis, characteristics, and applications.

Carbenes in general and isolable NHCs (N-heterocyclic carbenes) in particular have been useful ligands in recent years. The emergence of CAACs [cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes], BICAACs [bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes], and many other carbenes has marked revolutionary milestones in this field. These carbenes possess an intriguing blend of highly electrophilic and nucleophilic characteristics, owing to their remarkably narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gap.

Improving current understanding of cognitive impairment in patients with a spinal cord injury: A UK-based clinician survey.

Context: Emerging data suggests that patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment. The true incidence of cognitive impairment in this group is unclear due to the difficulty in administering commonly used assessment tools, which are dependent on functional abilities e.g.

Exogenous insulin does not reduce protein catabolism in pre-diabetic cystic fibrosis patients: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients historically suffered from undernutrition, infection and inflammation. Insulin insufficiency-related protein catabolism further compromised health. We aimed to determine whether insulin improves protein catabolism in CF youth with abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT).

Thrombin Immobilized Hemocompatible Radiopaque Polyurethane Microspheres for Topical Blood Coagulation.

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in developing microspheres for embolization procedures. However, the lack of noninvasive monitoring of the embolic agents and the occurrence of reflux phenomenon leading to unintentional occlusions has raised concerns regarding their compatibility/suitability for embolization therapy. Here we report the development of specialty microspheres having intrinsic radiopacity and surface functionality to tackle the existing complications that pave the way for more advanced solutions.

Neuroimaging to Genotype: Delineating the Spectrum of Disorders With Deficient Myelination in the Indian Population.

Several genetic disorders are associated with either a permanent deficit or a delay in central nervous system myelination. We investigated 24 unrelated families (25 individuals) with deficient myelination after clinical and radiological evaluation. A combinatorial approach of targeting and/or genomic testing was employed.

Metal-organic framework-derived Se-blended ZrO with a nitrogen-doped carbon heterostructure for electrocatalytic overall water splitting.

Designing low cost, highly active and efficient non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts with remarkable operational reliability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is indispensable for large-scale water electrolysis and the development of clean energy conversion technologies. Herein, we decorated a two-dimensional (2D) selenium-blended zirconium dioxide (Se-ZrO) on the surface of a nitrogen-doped carbon heterostructure (Se-ZrO@NC), which was derived from Zr-metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs), and loaded it on a stainless-steel mesh electrode. Accordingly, phenomenal electrocatalytic performance was observed for the Se-ZrO@NC-loaded electrode with a minimum overpotential of 48 mV for the HER and 251 mV for the OER at 10 mA cm current density in acidic and alkaline mediums, respectively.

Evaluating soil quality and carbon storage in Western Ghats Forests, Karnataka, India, for sustainable forest management.

Monitoring soil quality index (SQI) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock status of the Western Ghats (WG) forests in India is crucial for providing vital ecosystem services alongside sustainable forest management practices. However, comprehensive profile data on SQI and SOC stock across different forest types under WG forests are limited. The study evaluated SQI and SOC stock under three forest types, i.

Racial Minorities Face Discrimination From Across the Political Spectrum When Seeking to Form Ties on Social Media: Evidence From a Field Experiment.

We conducted a preregistered field experiment examining racial discrimination in tie formation on social media. We randomly assigned research accounts varying on race (Black, White) and politics (liberal/Democrat, conservative/Republican, neutral) to follow a politically balanced sample of Twitter (i.e.

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Patients Presenting With Acute Abdomen to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background:  Acute abdomen is a common and urgent clinical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. This study determines the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients presenting with acute abdomen at a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, provisional diagnoses, treatment modalities, and pain management effectiveness in patients with acute abdomen.

A Neuropathy Mimic: Statin-Induced Myopathy Presenting as Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Statins are widely used to manage dyslipidemia and prevent cardiovascular diseases due to their effectiveness and general safety profile. However, they can sometimes cause severe muscle-related adverse effects, presenting diagnostic challenges when symptoms overlap with other conditions. This case report describes a middle-aged woman who presented to the emergency department with bilateral lower limb weakness, initially suggesting Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).